Yunes 2010 检验引力的parity violation

主要内容:
不同偏振的引力波的传播速度相同，但强度不同。这个可以用短暴给测出来，办法是短暴本身有红移就知道距离；引力波也可以探测距离。如果这二者不同的话，就说明parity violation了。文章还说现有仪器的精度已经足够做这个检测了。

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Title:		Testing gravitational parity violation with coincident gravitational waves and short gamma-ray bursts
Authors:		Yunes, Nicolas; O'Shaughnessy, Richard; Owen, Benjamin J.; Alexander, Stephon
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.3310
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Comment:		21 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.3310Y

Abstract

Gravitational parity violation is a possibility motivated by particle physics, string theory and loop quantum gravity. One effect of it is amplitude birefringence of gravitational waves, whereby left and right circularly-polarized waves propagate at the same speed but with different amplitude evolution. Here we propose a test of this effect through coincident observations of gravitational waves and short gamma-ray bursts from binary mergers involving neutron stars. Such gravitational waves are highly left or right circularly-polarized due to the geometry of the merger. Using localization information from the gamma-ray burst, ground-based gravitational wave detectors can measure the distance to the source with reasonable accuracy. An electromagnetic determination of the redshift from an afterglow or host galaxy yields an independent measure of this distance. Gravitational parity violation would manifest itself as a discrepancy between these two distance measurements. We exemplify such a test by considering one specific effective theory that leads to such gravitational parity-violation, Chern-Simons gravity. We show that the advanced LIGO-Virgo network and all-sky gamma-ray telescopes can be sensitive to the propagating sector of Chern-Simons gravitational parity violation to a level roughly two orders of magnitude better than current stationary constraints from the LAGEOS satellites.

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Cheng 2010 部分伽马暴来自超导宇宙弦的爆发

主要内容:
不懂啊不懂
就是说有些暴的时标太短，高红移暴的数量太多，于是提出有些伽马暴可能来自别的起源--宇宙弦。

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Title:		High Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts: Observational Signatures of Superconducting Cosmic Strings?
Authors:		Cheng, K. S.; Yu, Yun-Wei; Harko, T.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.3427
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Comment:		5 pages, 1 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.3427C

Abstract

The high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), GRBs 080913 and 090423, challenge the conventional GRB progenitor models by their short durations, typical for short GRBs, and their high energy releases, typical for long GRBs. Meanwhile, the GRB rate inferred from high-redshift GRBs also remarkably exceeds the prediction of the collapsar model, with an ordinary star formation history. We show that all these contradictions could be eliminated naturally, if we ascribe some high-redshift GRBs to electromagnetic bursts of superconducting cosmic strings. High-redshift GRBs could become a reasonable way to test the superconducting cosmic string model, because the event rate of cosmic string bursts increases rapidly with increasing redshifts, whereas the collapsar rate decreases.

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Chincarini 2010 Sooner一个极快速的光学望远镜

主要内容:
准备做这样一个望远镜，可以极其快速的指向所需要观测的方向。另外两个特点是多波段和高时间分辨率。

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Title:		The Sooner: a Large Robotic Telescope
Authors:		Chincarini, G.; Zannoni, M.; Covino, S.; Molinari, E.; Benetti, S.; Vitali, F.; Bonoli, C.; Bortoletto, F.; Cascone, E.; Cosentino, R.; D'Alessio, F.; D'Avanzo, P.; De Caprio, V.; Della Valle, M.; Fernandez-Soto, A.; Fugazza, D.; Giro, E.; Gomboc, A.; Guidorzi, C.; Magrin, D.; Malaspina, G.; Mankiewicz, L.; Margutti, R.; Mazzoleni, R.; Nicastro, L.; Riva, A.; Riva, M.; Salvaterra, R.; Spano, P.; Sperandio, M.; Stefanon, M.; Tosti, G.; Testa, V.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1569
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Comment:		To be published in the proceedings of the conference "The Shocking Universe", San Servolo Venice, September 14-18, 2009.
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1569C

Abstract

The approach of Observational Astronomy is mainly aimed at the construction of larger aperture telescopes, more sensitive detectors and broader wavelength coverage. Certainly fruitful, this approach turns out to be not completely fulfilling the needs when phenomena related to the formation of black holes (BH), neutron stars (NS) and relativistic stars in general are concerned. Recently, mainly through the Vela, Beppo-SAX and Swift satellites, we reached a reasonable knowledge of the most violent events in the Universe and of some of the processes we believe are leading to the formation of black holes (BH). We plan to open a new window of opportunity to study the variegated physics of very fast astronomical transients, particularly the one related to extreme compact objects. The innovative approach is based on three cornerstones: 1) the design (the conceptual design has been already completed) of a 3m robotic telescope and related focal plane instrumentation characterized by the unique features: "No telescope points faster"; 2) simultaneous multi-wavelengths observations (photometry, spectroscopy o\& polarimetry); 3) high time resolution observations. The conceptual design of the telescope and related instrumentation is optimized to address the following topics: High frequency a-periodic variability, Polarization, High z GRBs, Short GRBs, GRB-Supernovae association, Multi-wavelengths simultaneous photometry and rapid low dispersion spectroscopy. This experiment will turn the "exception" (like the optical observations of GRB 080319B) to "routine".

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Mészáros 2010 短暴各向异性可能破坏宇宙学原理

主要内容:
Vavrek et al. 2008说BATSE的短暴是各向异性分布的，他们就认为这个破坏了宇宙学原理：宇宙是各向同性的。（当然更可能是别的原因导致各向异性而不是说宇宙学原理错了。）

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Title:		Impact on Cosmology of the Celestial Anisotropy of the Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors:		Mészáros, A.; Balázs, L. G.; Bagoly, Z.; Veres, P.
Affiliation:		AA(Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Astronomical Institute, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic; meszaros@cesnet.cz), AB(Konkoly Observatory, P.O. Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary; balazs@konkoly.hu), AC(Lab. for Information Technology, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; zsolt@yela.elte.hu), AD(Lab. for Information Technology, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; veresp@elte.hu; Dept. of Physics, Bolyai Military University, H-1581 Budapest, POB 15, Hungary)
Publication:		Baltic Astronomy, Vol. 18, p. 293-296
Publication Date:		00/2009
Origin:		BALTA
Keywords:		cosmology, gamma-rays: bursts
Bibliographic Code:		2009BaltA..18..293M

Abstract

Recently the anisotropy of the short gamma-ray bursts detected by BATSE was announced (Vavrek et al. 2008). The impact of this discovery on cosmology is discussed. It is shown that the anisotropy found may cause the breakdown of the cosmological principle.

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Ackermann 2010 GRB 090510的高能观测

主要内容:
是第一个高能偏离Band谱的暴。

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 光变

 谱

拟合的谱，有一个多的成分

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Title:		Fermi Observations of GRB 090510: A Short Hard Gamma-Ray Burst with an Additional, Hard Power-Law Component from 10 keV to GeV Energies
Authors:		Fermi LAT, The; GBM Collaborations
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.2141
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		33 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ. Contact Authors: James Chiang (jchiang@slac.stanford.edu), Jonathon Granot (j.granot@herts.ac.uk), Sylvain Guiriec (sylvain.guiriec@lpta.in2p3.fr), Masanori Ohno (ohno@astro.isas.jaxa.jp)
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.2141F

Abstract

We present detailed observations of the bright short-hard gamma-ray burst GRB 090510 made with the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi observatory. GRB 090510 is the first burst detected by the LAT that shows strong evidence for a deviation from a Band spectral fitting function during the prompt emission phase. The time-integrated spectrum is fit by the sum of a Band function with $\Epeak = 3.9\pm 0.3$\,MeV, which is the highest yet measured, and a hard power-law component with photon index $-1.62\pm 0.03$ that dominates the emission below $\approx$\,20\,keV and above $\approx$\,100\,MeV. The onset of the high-energy spectral component appears to be delayed by $\sim$\,0.1\,s with respect to the onset of a component well fit with a single Band function. A faint GBM pulse and a LAT photon are detected 0.5\,s before the main pulse. During the prompt phase, the LAT detected a photon with energy $30.5^{+5.8}_{-2.6}$ GeV, the highest ever measured from a short GRB. Observation of this photon sets a minimum bulk outflow Lorentz factor, $\Gamma\ga$\,1200, using simple $\gamma\gamma$ opacity arguments for this GRB at redshift $z = 0.903$ and a variability time scale on the order of tens of ms for the $\approx$\,100\,keV--few MeV flux. Stricter high confidence estimates imply $\Gamma \ga 1000$ and still require that the outflows powering short GRBs are at least as highly relativistic as those of long duration GRBs. Implications of the temporal behavior and power-law shape of the additional component on synchrotron/synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), external-shock synchrotron, and hadronic models are considered.

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Staff 2010 夸克新星作为GRB和XRO的起源

主要内容:
主要还是解释XRO 080109的，提出另一种产生中等能量的机制。

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Title:		Quark nova inside supernova: Application to GRBs and XROs
Authors:		Staff, Jan; Ouyed, Rachid
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1874
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Comment:		13 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. To appear in Proceedings for "Compact stars in the QCD phase diagram II (CSQCD II), May 20-24, 2009, KIAA at Peking University, Beijing - P. R. China [http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu/csqcd.htm]
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1874S

Abstract

In this paper we consider a quark nova occurring inside an exploding star. The quark nova ejecta will shock when interacting with the stellar envelope. When this shock reaches the surface of the star, the energy is radiated away. We suggest that this energy may be seen in X-rays, and show here that this may explain some flares seen in the X-ray afterglow of long gamma ray bursts (GRBs). A quark nova inside an exploding star need not be followed by a GRB, or the GRB may not be beamed towards us. However, the shock breakout is likely not beamed and could be seen even in the absence of a GRB. We suggest that XRO 080109 is such an event in which a quark nova occurs inside an exploding star. No GRB is formed, but the break out of the shock leads to the XRO.

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Mao 2010 伽马暴宿主星系的理论分析

主要内容:
假设长暴来自于恒星形成中的宿主星系，根据星系的演化看对X射线和光学余辉的吸收，红移大的吸收大些，和Swift的观测相符。不能用于小红移，因为晚期有星系并合，单一星系演化模型不能用了。

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Title:		A Theoretical Investigation on the Gamma-ray Burst Host Galaxies
Authors:		Mao, J.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1876
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Comment:		ApJ accepted, comments are welcome
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1876M

Abstract

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts(LGRBs) are believed to be linked with the star formation. We adopt a galactic evolution model, in which the star formation process inside the virialized dark halo at given redshift can be achieved. In this paper, the gamma-ray burst(GRB) host galaxies are assumed to be the star-forming galaxies within the small dark halos. The star formation rates(SFRs) in the host galaxies of LGRBs at different redshifts have been derived from our model with the galactic evolutionary time about a few times of $10^7$ yr and the dark halo mass of about $5\times 10^{11}M_\odot$. The related stellar masses, luminosities and metallicities of these hosts are estimated as well. We further calculate the X-ray and optical absorption of GRB afterglow emission. From our model calculation, at higher redshift, the SFR of host galaxy is larger, the absorption in X-ray band and optical band of GRB afterglow is stronger, in the condition that the dust and metal components are released locally, surrounding the GRB environment. These model predictions are compared with the {\it Swift} and other observational data. At lower redshift $z.lt.1$,

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Holland 2010 暗暴GRB 090417B和它的宿主星系

主要内容:
又一个说暗暴可能是来自于宿主星系的尘埃消光的。这个的A_V>12mag

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Title:		GRB 090417B and its Host Galaxy: A Step Towards an Understanding of Optically-Dark Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors:		Holland, Stephen T.; Sbarufatti, Boris; Shen, Rongfeng; Schady, Patricia; Cummings, Jay R.; Fonseca, Emmanuel;Fynbo, Johan P. U.; Jakobsson, Pall; Leitet, Elisabet; Linne, Staffan; Roming, Peter W. A.; Still, Martin; Zhang, Bing
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1675
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Comment:		Accepted for publication in ApJ
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1675H

Abstract

GRB 090417B was an unusually long burst with a T_90 duration of at least 2130 s and a multi-peaked light curve at energies of 15-150 keV. It was optically dark and has been associated with a bright star-forming galaxy at a redshift of 0.345 that is broadly similar to the Milky Way. This is one of the few cases where a host galaxy has been clearly identified for a dark gamma-ray burst and thus an ideal candidate for studying the origin of dark bursts. We find that the dark nature of GRB 090417B cannot be explained by high redshift, incomplete observations, or unusual physics in the production of the afterglow. Assuming the standard relativistic fireball model for the afterglow we find that the optical flux is at least 2.5 mag fainter than predicted by the X-ray flux. The Swift/XRT X -ray data are consistent with the afterglow being obscured by a dense, localized sheet of dust approximately 30-80 pc from the burst along the line of sight. Our results suggest that this dust sheet imparts an extinction of A_V >~ 12 mag, which is sufficient to explain the missing optical flux. GRB 090417B is an example of a gamma-ray burst that is dark due to the localized dust structure in its host galaxy.

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Berger 2010 短暴的暴周环境对前身星都限制

主要内容:

一共5个相关的暴周环境的观测（不是n，而是宿主星系的大环境），倾向于双中子星并合的模型，而不支持磁星模型。

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Title:		The Environments of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts and Implications for their Progenitors
Authors:		Berger, E.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1068
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		Solicited review submitted to New Astronomy Reviews; 15 pages, 16 figures
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1068B

Abstract

[Abridged] The study of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) experienced a complete revolution in recent years thanks to the discovery of the first afterglows and host galaxies in May 2005. These observations demonstrated that short GRBs are cosmological in origin, reside in both star forming and elliptical galaxies, are not associated with supernovae, and span a wide isotropic-equivalent energy range of ~10^48-10^52 erg. However, a fundamental question remains unanswered: What are the progenitors of short GRBs? The most popular theoretical model invokes the coalescence of compact object binaries with neutron star and/or black hole constituents. However, additional possibilities exist, including magnetars formed through prompt channels (massive star core-collapse) and delayed channels (binary white dwarf mergers, white dwarf accretion-induced collapse), or accretion-induced collapse of neutron stars. In this review I summarize our current knowledge of the galactic and sub-galactic environments of short GRBs, and use these observations to draw inferences about the progenitor population. The most crucial results are: (i) some short GRBs explode in dead elliptical galaxies; (ii) the majority of short GRBs occur in star forming galaxies; (iii) the star forming hosts of short GRBs are distinct from those of long GRBs (lower star formation rates, and higher luminosities and metallicities), and instead appear to be drawn from the general field galaxy population; (iv) the physical offsets of short GRBs relative to their host galaxy centers are significantly larger than for long GRBs; (v) the observed offset distribution is in good agreement with predictions for NS-NS binary mergers; and (vi) short GRBs trace under-luminous locations within their hosts, but appear to be more closely correlated with the rest-frame optical light (old stars) than the UV light (young massive stars).

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Küpcü 2010 暗暴GRB 020819的宿主星系的消光很大

主要内容:

A_v=1.8-2.6，很大（很大吗？银河系消光多少？也是2-4之间啊）。说是暗暴可能原因就是星系的消光引起的。

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Title:		Highly Extinguished Host Galaxy of the Dark GRB 020819
Authors:		Küpcü Yoldaş, A.; Greiner, J.; Klose, S.; Krühler, T.; Savaglio, S.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1257
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Comment:		Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1257K

Abstract

We analyse the properties of the host galaxy of the optically dark gamma-ray burst (GRB) 020819 (z = 0.41) and discuss the possible implications in the context of "dark" GRBs. We present g'r'i'z'JHK photometry of the host galaxy and fit the broad spectral energy distribution including the public Spitzer IRAC data using stellar population models. The broad spectral energy distribution (SED) indicates a high extinction, A_V ~ 1.8 - 2.6 mag, for this relatively massive galaxy. This is the highest global extinction for a GRB host galaxy with a robust spectroscopic redshift. The properties of the host galaxy are indicative of dusty, intense star-formation, which differ from those of the current sample of GRB hosts. This implies that the dust extinction is one of the main reasons for the darkness of low-redshift bursts and that the long GRB host population is far more diverse than previously anticipated.

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Abdo 2010 用LAT的GeV光子观测限制河外背景光子

主要内容:

高能光子会和河外背景光子湮灭产生正负电子对。如果背景光子足够多，就看不到来自于很远的高能光子了。由于看到了一些高能光子，限制了一些说会有很多背景光子的模型。

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Title:		Fermi-LAT Constraints on the Gamma-ray Opacity of the Universe
Authors:		Fermi LAT, The; the GBM Collaboration: A. A. Abdo
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.0996
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		39 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ApJ; Corresponding authors: A. Bouvier, A. Chen, S. Raino, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, L. C. Reyes
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.0996F

Abstract

The Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) includes photons with wavelengths from ultraviolet to infrared, which are effective at attenuating gamma rays with energy above ~10 GeV during propagation from sources at cosmological distances. This results in a redshift- and energy-dependent attenuation of the gamma-ray flux of extragalactic sources such as blazars and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi detects a sample of gamma-ray blazars with redshift up to z~3, and GRBs with redshift up to z~4.3. Using photons above 10 GeV collected by Fermi over more than one year of observations for these sources, we investigate the effects of the EBL on the gamma-ray flux. We constrain the gamma-ray opacity of the Universe at various energies and redshifts, and compare this with predictions from well-known EBL models. We find that an EBL intensity in the optical-ultraviolet wavelengths as great as predicted by the "fast-evolution" and "baseline" models of Stecker et al (2006) can be ruled out with high confidence.

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Kubánek 2010 远程操作望远镜的系统RTS2

主要内容:

介绍了一个曾经用来快速余辉跟进的程序RTS2

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Title:		RTS2 - the Remote Telescope System
Authors:		Kubánek, Petr
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1014
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Comment:		9 pages, 3 figures, Workshop on Robotic Autonomous Observatories, M\'alaga, Spain, 18-21 May 2009; Advances in Astronomy, 2010; doi:10.1155/2010/902484
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1014K

Abstract

RTS2 is an open source observatory manager. It was written from scratch in the C++ language, with portability and modularity in mind. Its driving requirements originated from quick follow-ups of Gamma Ray Bursts. After some years of development it is now used to carry tasks it was originally not intended to carry. This article presents the current development status of the RTS2 code. It focuses on describing strategies which worked as well as things which failed to deliver expected results.

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Neamus 2010 GRB 090510是否可有正向激波解释多波段观测

主要内容:

同步辐射不能解释多波段的拐折，而SSC模型需要星风环境，和它是断暴不符。所以总的说来，可能高能和低能并不都来自于外激波(标准喷流余辉)。

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Title:		Can the forward-shock model account for the multiwavelength emission of GRB afterglow 090510 ?
Authors:		Neamus, Ano
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1005.1051
Publication Date:		05/2010
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		9 pages
Bibliographic Code:		2010arXiv1005.1051N

Abstract

GRB 090510 is the first burst whose afterglow emission above 100 MeV was measured by Fermi over two decades in time. Owing to its power-law temporal decay and power-law spectrum, it seems likely that the high-energy emission is from the forward-shock energizing the ambient medium (the standard blast-wave model for GRB afterglows), the GeV flux and its decay rate being consistent with that model's expectations. However, the synchrotron emission from a collimated outflow (the standard jet model) has difficulties in accounting for the lower-energy afterglow emission, where a simultaneous break occurs in the optical and X-ray light-curves at 2 ks, but with the optical flux decay (before and after the break) being much slower than in the X-rays (at same time). The measured X-ray and GeV fluxes are incompatible with the higher-energy afterglow emission being from same spectral component as the lower-energy afterglow emission, which suggests a synchrotron self-Compton model for this afterglow. Cessation of energy injection in the blast-wave can account for the optical and X-ray light-curves provided that the ambient medium has a wind-like n propto r^{-2} density. The latter is incompatible with this short-GRB originating from the merger of two compact stars.

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