Gao, H. 2010 中等质量黑洞产生伽马暴

主要内容:
还是以GRB 060614为依据

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Title:		A New Class of Gamma-ray Bursts from Stellar Disruptions by Intermediate-mass Black Holes
Authors:		Gao, H.; Lu, Y.; Zhang, S. N.
Affiliation:		AA(National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China ; Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China ), AB(National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China ), AC(National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China ; Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Publication:		The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 717, Issue 1, pp. 268-276 (2010). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:		07/2010
Origin:		IOP
ApJ Keywords:		black hole physics, gamma-ray burst: general, methods: statistical
DOI:		10.1088/0004-637X/717/1/268
Bibliographic Code:		2010ApJ...717..268G

Abstract

It has been argued that the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) of GRB 060614 without an associated supernova (SN) has challenged the current classification and fuel model for long GRBs, and thus a tidal disruption model has been proposed to account for such an event. Since it is difficult to detect SNe for long GRBs at high redshift, the absence of an SN association cannot be regarded as the solid criterion for a new classification of long GRBs similar to GRB 060614, called GRB 060614-type bursts. Fortunately, we now know that there is an obvious periodic substructure observed in the prompt light curve of GRB 060614. We thus use such periodic substructure as a potential criterion to categorize some long GRBs into a new class of bursts, which might have been fueled by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) gulping a star, rather than a massive star collapsing to form a black hole. Therefore, the second criterion to recognize for this new class of bursts is whether they fit the tidal disruption model. From a total of 328 Swift GRBs with accurately measured durations and without SN association, we find 25 GRBs satisfying the criteria for GRB 060614-type bursts: seven of them are with known redshifts and 18 with unknown redshifts. These new bursts are ~6% of the total Swift GRBs, which are clustered into two subclasses: Type I and Type II with considerably different viscous parameters of accretion disks formed by tidally disrupting their different progenitor stars. We suggest that the two different kinds of progenitors are solar-type stars and white dwarfs: the progenitors for four Type I bursts with viscous parameter of around 0.1 are solar-type stars, and the progenitors for 21 Type II bursts with viscous parameter of around 0.3 are white dwarfs. The potential applications of this new class of GRBs as cosmic standard candles are discussed briefly.

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Xu 2008 无超新星成协的GRB 060505和GRB 060614的余辉

主要内容:
加了最新观测的数据

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Title:		In search of progenitors for supernova-less GRBs 060505 and 060614: re-examination of their afterglows
Authors:		Xu, D.; Starling, R. L. C.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Sollerman, J.; Yost, S.; Watson, D.; Foley, S.; O'Brien, P. T.; Hjorth, J.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:0812.0979
Publication Date:		12/2008
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics
Comment:		15 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, submitted to ApJ
Bibliographic Code:		2008arXiv0812.0979X

Abstract

GRB060505 and GRB060614 are nearby long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) without accompanying supernovae (SNe) down to very strict limits. They thereby challenge the conventional LGRB-SN connection and naturally give rise to the question: are there other peculiar features in their afterglows which would help shed light on their progenitors? To answer this question, we combine new observational data with published data and investigate the multi-band temporal and spectral properties of the two afterglows. We find that both afterglows can be well interpreted within the framework of the jetted standard external shock wave model, and that the afterglow parameters for both bursts fall well within the range observed for other LGRBs. Hence, from the properties of the afterglows there is nothing to suggest that these bursts should have another progenitor than other LGRBs. Recently, GRB080503 has been found to be a spike + tail burst similar to GRB060614. We analyse the prompt emission of this burst and find that this GRB is a hard-spike + hard-tail burst with a spectral lag of 0.8+/-0.4 s during its tail emission. Thus, GRB060614, featuring hard-spike + soft-tail and negligible lag, would be different from the new burst if these properties referred for GRB progenitor classification. Finally we note that, whereas the progenitor of the two SN-less bursts remains uncertain, the core-collapse origin for such bursts would be quite certain if a wind-like environment can be observationally established, e.g, from an optical decay faster than the X-ray decay in the afterglow's slow cooling phase.

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Caito 2008 fire shell model for GRB 060614

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文章信息:

arXiv:0810.4855 [ps, pdf, other]

Title: GRB060614: a "fake" short GRB from a merging binary system

Authors: Letizia Caito, Maria Grazia Bernardini, Carlo Luciano Bianco, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, Roberto Guida, Remo Ruffini

Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A&A

Subjects: Astrophysics (astro-ph)

(Shortened) CONTEXT: [...] GRB060614 is the first nearby long duration GRB clearly not associated to a bright Ib/c supernova. Moreover, its duration (T_{90} ~ 100s) makes it hardly classifiable as a short GRB. It presents strong similarities with GRB970228, the prototype of the new class of "fake" short GRBs that appear to originate from the coalescence of binary neutron stars or white dwarfs spiraled out into the galactic halo. AIMS: Within the "canonical" GRB scenario based on the "fireshell" model, we test if GRB060614 can be a "fake", or, better, "disguised" short GRB. [...] METHODS: We fit GRB060614 light curves in Swift's BAT (15-150keV) and XRT (0.2-10keV) energy bands. Within the fireshell model, light curves are formed by two well defined and different components: the Proper-GRB (P-GRB), emitted at the fireshell transparency, and the afterglow, due to the interaction between the leftover accelerated baryonic shell and the CBM. RESULTS: We determine the two free parameters describing the GRB source within the fireshell model. [...] A small average CBM density [...] is inferred, typical of galactic halos. The first spikelike emission is identified with the P-GRB and the following prolonged emission with the peak of the afterglow.[...] CONCLUSIONS: The anomalous GRB060614 finds a natural interpretation within our canonical GRB scenario: it is a "disguised" short GRB. [...] This result points to an old binary system, likely formed by a white dwarf and a neutron star, as the progenitor of GRB060614 and well justify the absence of an associated supernova Ib/c. Particularly important for further studies of the final merging process are the temporal structures in the P-GRB down to 0.1s.

Campisi 2008 伽玛暴和一个星系碰巧在一个方位的几率

主要内容:
目前的硬件条件，大约为百分之几的样子（可靠吗？）。还是挺高的。顺便讨论了GRB 060614.
但是如果以后能看到更暗的星系了，这种巧合会更大了。

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· arXiv e-print (arXiv:0809.0595)

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Title:		Probability for chance coincidence of a gamma-ray burst with a galaxy on the sky
Authors:		Campisi, Maria Angela; Li, Li-Xin
Publication:		eprint arXiv:0809.0595
Publication Date:		09/2008
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics
Comment:		7 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Bibliographic Code:		2008arXiv0809.0595C

Abstract

The nearby long GRB 060614 was not accompanied by a supernova, challenging the collapsar model for long-duration GRBs and the traditional classification scheme for GRBs. However, Cobb et al. have argued that the association of GRB 060614 and its host galaxy could be chance coincidence. In this work we calculate the probability for a GRB to be randomly coincident with a galaxy on the sky, using a galaxy luminosity function obtained from current galaxy surveys. We find that, with a magnitude limit that current telescopes can reach and an evolving galaxy luminosity function obtained from VVDS, the probability for chance coincidence of a GRB with a galaxy of redshift <1.5> Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences)

Fujimoto 2008 喷流中的核合成

主要内容:
考虑磁场主导的喷流中的核合成，认为喷流的能量越高，产生的Ni56越多。而象060614和060605这样的低能量的暴，产生的Ni56就比较少，因为没有超新星成分。 也就是说他们还是认为这两个暴是大质量恒星坍缩引起的。

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· arXiv e-print (arXiv:0804.0969)

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Title:		Nucleosynthesis in Magnetically Driven Jets from Collapsars
Authors:		Fujimoto, Shin-ichiro; Nishimura, Nobuya; Hashimoto, Masa-aki
Publication:		eprint arXiv:0804.0969
Publication Date:		04/2008
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics
Comment:		10 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in the Astroph ysical Journal
Bibliographic Code:		2008arXiv0804.0969F

Abstract

We have made detailed calculations of the composition of magnetically driven jets ejected from collapsars, or rapidly rotating massive stars, based on long-term magnetohydrodynamic simulations of their core collapse with various distributions of magnetic field and angular momentum before collapse. We follow the evolution of the abundances of about 4000 nuclides from the collapse phase to the ejection phase and through the jet generation phase using a large nuclear reaction network. We find that the r-process successfully operates only in energetic jets (> 1e51 ergs), such that U and Th are synthesized abundantly, even when the collapsar has a relatively weak magnetic field (1e10 G) and a moderately rotating core before the collapse. The abundance patterns inside the jets are similar to those of the r-elements in the solar system. About 0.01-0.06 Msun neutron-rich, heavy nuclei are ejected from a collapsar with energetic jets. The higher energy jets have larger amounts of Ni56, varying from 0.00037 to 0.06Msun. Less energetic jets, which eject small amounts of Ni56, could induce a gamma-ray burst (GRB) a supernova, such as GRB 060505 or GRB 060614. Considerable amounts of r-elements are likely to be ejected from GRBs with hypernovae, if both the GRB and hypernova are induced by jets that are driven near the black hole.

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McBreen 2008 Spectral lag of GRB 060505

主要内容:
GRB 060614 almost has no spectral time lag, so it can be classified into short burst. But this work find GRB 060505 has lag about 0.36 s, maybe in long bursts category (but without SN component).

精彩摘抄:
可以看到GRB060614 GRB 060505的time lag在不同的区域

文章信息:

· arXiv e-print (arXiv:0803.1919)

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Title:		The Spectral Lag of GRB060505: A Likely Member of the Long Duration Class
Authors:		McBreen, S.; Foley, S.; Watson, D.; Hanlon, L.; Malesani, D.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Kann, D. A.; Gehrels, N.; McGlynn, S.; Palmer, D.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:0803.1919
Publication Date:		03/2008
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics
Comment:		Accepted by ApJL, 5 pages, 3 Figures
Bibliographic Code:		2008arXiv0803.1919M

Abstract

Two long gamma-ray bursts, GRB 060505 and GRB 060614, occurred in nearby galaxies at redshifts of 0.089 and 0.125 respectively. Due to their proximity and durations, deep follow-up campaigns to search for supernovae (SNe) were initiated. However none were found in either case, to limits more than two orders of magnitude fainter than the prototypical GRB-associated SN, 1998bw. It was suggested that the bursts, in spite of their durations (4 and 102 s), belonged to the population of short GRBs which has been shown to be unrelated to SNe. In the case of GRB 060614 this argument was based on a number of indicators, including the negligible spectral lag, which is consistent with that of short bursts. GRB 060505 has a shorter duration, but no spectral lag was measured. We present the spectral lag measurements of GRB 060505 using Suzakus Wide Area Monitor and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. We find that the lag is 0.36+/- 0.05 s, inconsistent with the lags of short bursts and consistent with the properties of long bursts and SN-GRBs. These results support the association of GRB 060505 with other low-luminosity GRBs also found in star-forming galaxies and indicates that at least some massive stars may die without bright SNe.

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Lu 2008 Tidal disruption model for GRB 060614

主要内容:
The progenitor star of GRB 060614 may be tidally disrupted by an intermediate mass black hole.

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文章信息:

arXiv:0801.2419 [ps, pdf, other]

Title: A tidal disruption model for the gamma-ray burst of GRB 060614

Authors: Y. Lu, Y.F. Huang, S.N. Zhang

Comments: 13pages, submitted to ApJ

Subjects: Astrophysics (astro-ph)

The combination of a long duration and the absence of any accompanying supernova clearly shows that GRB 060614 can not be grouped into the two conventional classes of gamma-ray bursts, i.e. the long/soft bursts deemed to be collapsars and the short/hard bursts deemed to be merging binary compact stars. A new progenitor model is required for this anomalous gamma-ray burst. We propose that GRB 060614 might be produced through the tidal disruption of a star by an intermediate mass black hole. In this scenario, the long duration and the lack of any associated supernova are naturally expected. The theoretical energy output is also consistent with observations.

Bernardini 2007 GRB970228是一类新的暴

主要内容:
这类暴开始有一个spike，较大的baryon loading，然后与外部不均匀介质作用产生余辉的峰。

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文章信息:

arXiv:0709.0651 [ps, pdf, other]

Title: GRB970228 and a class of GRBs with an initial spikelike emission

Authors: Maria Grazia Bernardini, Carlo Luciano Bianco, Letizia Caito, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, Roberto Guida, Remo Ruffini

Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear on A&A Letters

Subjects: Astrophysics (astro-ph)

(Shortened) The Swift and HETE-2 discovery of an afterglow associated possibly with short GRBs opened the new problematic of their nature and classification. This has been further enhanced by the GRB060614 observation and by a re-analysis of the BATSE catalog leading to the identification of a new GRB class with "an occasional softer extended emission lasting tenths of seconds after an initial spikelike emission". We plan: a) to fit this new class of "hybrid" sources within our "canonical GRB" scenario, where all GRBs are generated by a "common engine" (i.e. the gravitational collapse to a black hole); b) to propose GRB970228 as the prototype of the such a class. We analyze BeppoSAX data on GRB970228 in the 40-700 keV and 2-26 keV energy bands within the "fireshell" model. We find that GRB970228 is a "canonical GRB", like e.g. GRB050315, with the main peculiarity of a particularly low CircumBurst Medium (CBM) average density n_{cbm}~10^{-3} #/cm^3. We also simulate the light curve corresponding to a rescaled CBM density profile with n_{cbm}=1 #/cm^3. From such a comparison it follows that the total time-integrated luminosity is a faithful indicator of the GRB nature, contrary to the peak luminosity which is merely a function of the CBM density. We call attention on discriminating the short GRBs between the "genuine" and the "fake" ones. The "genuine" ones are intrinsically short, with baryon loading B \la 10^{-5}, as stated in our original classification. The "fake" ones, characterized by an initial spikelike emission followed by an extended emission lasting tenths of seconds, have a baryon loading 10^{-4} \la B \leq 10^{-2}. They are observed as such only due to an underdense CBM consistent with a galactic halo environment which deflates the afterglow intensity.

Mangano 2007 GRB 060614的详细观测结果

主要内容:
多波段：伽玛，X，UV，optic，and spectrum。

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文章信息:
Swift observations of GRB 060614: an anomalous burst with a well behaved afterglow

Authors: V. Mangano, S.T. Holland, D. Malesani, E. Troja, G. Chincarini, B. Zhang, V. La Parola, P.J. Brown, D.N. Burrows, S. Campana, M. Capalbi, G. Cusumano, M. Della Valle, N. Gehrels, P. Giommi, D. Grupe, C. Guidorzi, T. Mineo, A. Moretti, J.P. Osborne, S.B. Pandey, M. Perri, P. Romano, P.W.A. Roming, G. Tagliaferri

(Submitted on 17 Apr 2007)

Abstract: GRB 060614 is a remarkable GRB observed by Swift with puzzling properties, which challenge current progenitor models. The lack of any bright SN down to very strict limits and the vanishing spectral lags are typical of short GRBs, strikingly at odds with the long (102s) duration of this event. Here we present spectral and temporal analysis of the Swift observations. We show that the burst presents standard optical, UV and X-ray afterglows. An achromatic break is observed simultaneously in optical and X-rays, at a time consistent with the break in the R-band light curve measured by the VLT. The achromatic behaviour and the consistent post-break decay slopes make GRB 060614 one of the best examples of a jet break for a Swift burst. The optical, UV and X-rays afterglow light curves have also an earlier break at ~30 ks. In the optical, there is strong spectral evolution around this break, suggesting the passage of a break frequency through the optical/UV band. The very blue spectrum at early times and the trend in the light curves (rising at low frequencies, and decaying at higher energies) suggest this may be the injection frequency. The early X-ray light curve is well interpreted as the X-ray counterpart of the burst extended emission. Spectral analysis of BAT/XRT data in the 80s overlap time show that the Ep of the burst has decreased to as low as 8keV at the beginning of the XRT observation. The Ep continues to decrease through the XRT energy band and exits it at about 500s after the trigger. The average Ep of the burst is likely <>

Comments:

20 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables. Abstract shortened for posting on astro-ph. Accepted for publication by A&A

Subjects:

Astrophysics (astro-ph)

Cite as:

arXiv:0704.2235v1 [astro-ph]

Jakobsson 2007 无超新星成协的GRBs 060505 and 060614

主要内容:
短文，小综述。

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文章信息:
What made GRBs 060505 and 060614?

Authors: P. Jakobsson, J. P. U. Fynbo

(Submitted on 11 Apr 2007)

Abstract: Recent observations of two nearby SN-less long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which share no obvious characteristics in their prompt emission, suggest a new phenomenological type of massive stellar death. Here we briefly review the observational properties of these bursts and their proposed hosts, and discuss whether a new GRB classification scheme is needed.

Comments:

4 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings of the Amsterdam RTN (GRBs: an enigma and a tool) meeting, March 19-23, 2007. To appear in New Astronomy Reviews

Subjects:

Astrophysics (astro-ph)

Cite as:

arXiv:0704.1421v1 [astro-ph]

Watson 2007 两个无超新星成协的长暴

主要内容:
GRBs 060505 and 060614的宿主星系的观测表面应该来自于大质量恒星的坍缩，但在很大范围内都没有看到超新星成份，说明可能还有另一种产生长伽玛暴的机制。

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文章信息:
No supernovae detected in two long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: D. Watson (1), J. P. U. Fynbo (1), C. C. Thöne (1), J. Sollerman (1,2) ((1) DARK, NBI, U. Copenhagen, (2) U. Stockholm)

(Submitted on 27 Mar 2007)

Abstract: There is strong evidence that long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced during the collapse of a massive star. In the standard version of the Collapsar model, a broad-lined and luminous Type Ic core-collapse supernova (SN) accompanies the GRB. This association has been confirmed in observations of several nearby GRBs. Recent observations show that some long duration GRBs are different. No SN emission accompanied the long duration GRBs 060505 and 060614 down to limits fainter than any known Type Ic SN and hundreds of times fainter than the archetypal SN1998bw that accompanied GRB980425. Multi-band observations of the early afterglows, as well as spectroscopy of the host galaxies, exclude the possibility of significant dust obscuration. Furthermore, the bursts originated in star-forming galaxies, and in the case of GRBs060505 the burst was localised to a compact star-forming knot in a spiral arm of its host galaxy. We find that the properties of the host galaxies, the long duration of the bursts and, in the case of GRB060505 the location of the burst within its host, all imply a massive stellar origin. The absence of a SN to such deep limits therefore suggests a new phenomenological type of massive stellar death.

Comments:

Proceedings from the Royal Society meeting on GRBs Sept. 2006

Subjects:

Astrophysics (astro-ph)

Journal reference:

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (2007) 365, 1269-1275

DOI:

10.1098/rsta.2006.1994

Cite as:

arXiv:astro-ph/0703678v1

Tominaga 2007 伽玛暴和极端贫金属大质量恒星的成协

主要内容:
以期解释无超新星成协的长暴如GRB060614等。

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文章信息:

astro-ph/0702471 [abs, ps, pdf, other] :

Title: The Connection between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Extremely Metal-Poor Stars: Black Hole-forming Supernovae with Relativistic Jets
Authors: Nozomu Tominaga, Keiichi Maeda, Hideyuki Umeda, Ken'ichi Nomoto, Masaomi Tanaka, Nobuyuki Iwamoto, Tomoharu Suzuki, Paolo A. Mazzali
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (10 March 2007, v657n2 issue)

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to be connected to luminous and energetic supernovae (SNe), called hypernovae (HNe), resulting from the black-hole (BH) forming collapse of massive stars. For recent nearby GRBs~060505 and 060614, however, the expected SNe have not been detected. The upper limits to the SN brightness are about 100 times fainter than GRB-associated HNe (GRB-HNe), corresponding to the upper limits to the ejected $^{56}$Ni masses of $M({\rm ^{56}Ni})\sim 10^{-3}M_\odot$. SNe with a small amount of $^{56}$Ni ejection are observed as faint Type II SNe. HNe and faint SNe are thought to be responsible for the formation of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars. In this Letter, a relativistic jet-induced BH forming explosion of the 40 $M_\odot$ star is investigated and hydrodynamic and nucleosynthetic models are presented. These models can explain both GRB-HNe and GRBs without bright SNe in a unified manner. Their connection to EMP stars is also discussed. We suggest that GRBs without bright SNe are likely to synthesize $\Mni\sim 10^{-4}$ to $10^{-3}M_\odot$ or $\sim 10^{-6}M_\odot$.

Zhang 2006 伽玛暴可能重新分类

主要内容:
为Volume 444 Number 7122 971-1104写的一篇news and views，这一期上有4篇关于无超新星成协的暴GRB060614的文章。

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文章信息:

astro-ph/0612614 [abs, pdf] :

Title: Astrophysics: A burst of new ideas
Authors: Bing Zhang (UNLV)
Comments: 7 pages, published in Nature News & Views, Vol 444, 1010-1011

Gigantic cosmological gamma-ray bursts have fallen into a dichotomy of long and short bursts, each with a very different origin. The discovery of an oddball burst calls for a rethink of that classification.

Nature 444, 1010-1011 (21 December 2006)

当天的编辑摘要

Editor's Summary

21 December 2006

The long and the short of it

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The tidy classification system that divided -ray bursts (GRBs) into long-duration busts (lasting more than two seconds) and short may have had its day. The final nail in its coffin may be GRB 060614. Discovered on 14 June 2006 by the Burst Alert Telescope on-board the Swift satellite, this burst was long, at 102 seconds, but as reported in a clutch of papers in this issue, it has a number of properties, including the absence of an accompanying supernova, that were previously considered diagnostic of a 'short' GRB. The hunt is now on for a classification system to take account of the diversity now apparent in GRBs. In the accompanying News & Views, Bing Zhang suggests that the answer may be to adopt a Type I/Type II classification similar to that used for supernovae.

News and Views: Astrophysics: A burst of new ideas

Gigantic cosmological -ray bursts have fallen into a dichotomy of long and short bursts, each with a very different origin. The discovery of an oddball burst calls for a rethink of that classification.

Bing Zhang

doi:10.1038/4441010a

Full Text | PDF (173K)

Letter: A new -ray burst classification scheme from GRB 060614

N. Gehrels, J. P. Norris, S. D. Barthelmy, J. Granot, Y. Kaneko, C. Kouveliotou, C. B. Markwardt, P. Mészáros, E. Nakar, J. A. Nousek, P. T. O'Brien, M. Page, D. M. Palmer, A. M. Parsons, P. W. A. Roming, T. Sakamoto, C. L. Sarazin, P. Schady, M. Stamatikos and S. E. Woosley

doi:10.1038/nature05376

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (383K)

Letter: No supernovae associated with two long-duration -ray bursts

Johan P. U. Fynbo, Darach Watson, Christina C. Thöne, Jesper Sollerman, Joshua S. Bloom, Tamara M. Davis, Jens Hjorth, Páll Jakobsson, Uffe G. Jørgensen, John F. Graham, Andrew S. Fruchter, David Bersier, Lisa Kewley, Arnaud Cassan, José María Castro Cerón, Suzanne Foley, Javier Gorosabel, Tobias C. Hinse, Keith D. Horne, Brian L. Jensen, Sylvio Klose, Daniel Kocevski, Jean-Baptiste Marquette, Daniel Perley, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz, Maximilian D. Stritzinger, Paul M. Vreeswijk, Ralph A. M. Wijers, Kristian G. Woller, Dong Xu and Marta Zub

doi:10.1038/nature05375

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (163K) | Supplementary information

Letter: An enigmatic long-lasting -ray burst not accompanied by a bright supernova

M. Della Valle, G. Chincarini, N. Panagia, G. Tagliaferri, D. Malesani, V. Testa, D. Fugazza, S. Campana, S. Covino, V. Mangano, L. A. Antonelli, P. D'Avanzo, K. Hurley, I. F. Mirabel, L. J. Pellizza, S. Piranomonte and L. Stella

doi:10.1038/nature05374

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (205K) | Supplementary information

Letter: A novel explosive process is required for the -ray burst GRB 060614

A. Gal-Yam, D. B. Fox, P. A. Price, E. O. Ofek, M. R. Davis, D. C. Leonard, A. M. Soderberg, B. P. Schmidt, K. M. Lewis, B. A. Peterson, S. R. Kulkarni, E. Berger, S. B. Cenko, R. Sari, K. Sharon, D. Frail, D.-S. Moon, P. J. Brown, A. Cucchiara, F. Harrison, T. Piran, S. E. Persson, P. J. McCarthy, B. E. Penprase, R. A. Chevalier and A. I. MacFadyen

doi:10.1038/nature05373

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (237K) | Supplementary information

Zhang2006 GRB060614可能就是一个短暴

主要内容:


精彩摘抄:


文章信息:

astro-ph/0612238 [abs, ps, pdf, other] :

Title: Making a Short Gamma-Ray Burst from a Long one: Implications for the Nature of GRB 060614
Authors: Bing Zhang, Bin-Bin Zhang, En-Wei Liang, Neil Gehrels, David N. Burrows, Peter Meszaros
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, to appear in ApJ Letters

The absence of a supernova accompanying the nearby long GRB 060614 poses a great puzzle about the progenitor of this event and challenges the current GRB classification scheme. This burst displays a short-hard emission episode followed by extended soft emission with strong spectral evolution. Noticing that this burst has an isotropic gamma-ray energy only ~8 times that of GRB 050724, a good candidate of merger-type short GRBs, we generate a ``pseudo'' burst that is ~8 times less energetic than GRB 060614 based on the spectral properties of GRB 060614 and the Ep ~ Eiso^{1/2} (Amati) relation. We find that this pseudo-burst would have been detected by BATSE as a marginal short-duration GRB, and would have properties in the Swift BAT and XRT bands similar to GRB 050724. This suggests that GRB 060614 is likely a more intense event in the traditional short-hard GRB category as would be detected by BATSE. Events like GRB 060614 that seem to defy the traditional short vs. long classification of GRBs may require modification of our classification terminology for GRBs. By analogy with supernova classifications, we suggest that GRBs be classified into Type I (typically short and associated with old populations) and Type II (typically long and associated with young populations). We propose that GRB 060614 belongs to Type I, and predict that similar events will be detected in elliptical galaxies.

Dado2006 讨论GRB060614作为一类新的暴的可能性

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文章信息:

astro-ph/0611161 [abs, ps, pdf, other] : Title: Long gamma-ray bursts without visible supernovae: a case study of redshift estimators and alleged novel objects Authors: Shlomo Dado, Arnon Dar, A. De Rujula Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures There is an ongoing debate on whether or not the observational limits on a supernova (SN) associated with GRB060614 convincingly exclude a SN akin to SN1998bw as its originator, and provide evidence for a new class of long-duration GRBs. We discuss this issue in the contexts of indirect `redshift estimators' and of the fireball and cannonball models of GRBs. The latter explains the unusual properties of GRB060614: at its debated low redshift (0.125) they are predicted, as opposed to exceptional, if the associated SN is of `Pastorello's class'. Long-baseline radio data and deep optical data may test the proposed alternatives.

Gehrels2006 GRB060614的观测 3

主要内容:
给出了GRB060614的观测。此暴duration长，104s；但没有超新星成分，spectral time lag与短暴一样很短。意味着这是一类新的暴。

精彩摘抄:
暴的光变。（看起来和短暴GRB050724很像啊，前面一个大的，后面跟一些XRFs）

spectral time lag， 这个暴和短暴在一块儿。

文章信息:

astro-ph/0610635 [abs, pdf] :

Title: Swift detects a remarkable gamma-ray burst, GRB 060614, that introduces a new classification scheme
Authors: N. Gehrels, et al
Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures, accepted in Nature

Vol 444,1044| 21/28 December 2006| doi:10.1038/nature05376

Schaefer2006 GRB060614是高红移的暴 2

主要内容:
根据GRB0606144的余辉远离目前认为的其宿主星系(z=0.125), 推测它应该是一个高红移的暴, z=1.97. 因此没有超新星成份也可以解释, 而不需要新的模型.

另外也认为GRB 060505没有超新星成份的原因可能是观测数据不够.

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文章信息:
astro-ph/0608441
GRB060614 is at High Redshift, So No New Class of Gamma-Ray Bursts is Required
Authors: Bradley E. Schaefer, Limin Xiao
Comments: ApJLett submitted, 12 pages, small updates

King2006 中子星+白矮星模型 2

主要内容:
提出中子星+白矮星的模型, 认为可以产生长暴. 企图解释像GRB060614这样没有超新星成份的伽玛暴.

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astro-ph/0609811 [abs, ps, pdf, other] :

Title: Gamma--ray Burst Models
Authors: Andrew King
Comments: Proceedings of the Royal Society Discussion meeting on Gamma-ray Bursts, September 18-20, 2006. To appear in Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A

Cobb2006 GRB060614和其"宿主星系"不在一个星系的可能性 2

主要内容:
结论是GRB060614和它的"宿主星系"是superposition的可能性之有2%. 所以没有超新星是本质的, 需要新的模型.

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文章信息:
astro-ph/0608678Could GRB 060614 and its presumed host galaxy be a chance superposition?
Authors: B. E. Cobb, C. D. Bailyn, P. G. van Dokkum, P. Natarajan (Yale)
Comments: Sumbitted to ApJ Letters, figure added, additional discussion added

Della Valle2006 GRB060614的余辉 2

主要内容:
给了没有超新星成份的长,近暴GRB060614的余辉的光变和谱的观测.

精彩摘抄:


R_band光变曲线, 没有超新星成份. 后期变平可能是宿主星系. (如果再继续观察一段时间, 应该可以确定是星系的贡献了, 因为无论是伽玛暴余辉还是超新星都是衰减的.)


暴后1.73的谱, 密率.

文章信息:
astro-ph/0608322
GRB 060614: an enigmatic long-duration gamma-ray burst not due to a hypernova
Authors: M. Della Valle, G. Chincarini, N. Panagia, G. Tagliaferri, D. Malesani, V. Testa, D. Fugazza, S. Campana, S. Covino, S. T. Holland, V. Mangano, L. A. Antonelli, P. D'Avanzo, F. Fiore, K. Hurley, I. F. Mirabel, S. Piranomonte, L. Stella
Comments: 13 pages, 3 figure. Submitted to Nature on 2006 Aug 9

Vol 444, 1050|21/28 December 2006| doi:10.1038/nature05374