Thöne, C. C. 2011 GRB101225A来自于氦星和中子星的碰撞

主要内容:
认为来自红移为0.33. 一个伽马暴，来自氦星和中子星并合，余辉是穿过氦星的包层，最后还有超新星成分出来。（怎么又并合又超新星呢？）

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光变

谱

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Title:		The unusual γ-ray burst GRB 101225A from a helium star/neutron star merger at redshift 0.33
Authors:		Thöne, C. C.;... k, S.; Parrish, I.
Affiliation:		AA(IAA - CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada
Publication:		Nature, Volume 480, Issue 7375, pp. 72-74 (2011). (Nature Homepage)
Publication Date:		12/2011
Origin:		NATURE
Abstract Copyright:		(c) 2011: Nature
DOI:		10.1038/nature10611
Bibliographic Code:		2011Natur.480...72T

Abstract

Long γ-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most dramatic examples of massive stellar deaths, often associated with supernovae. They release ultra-relativistic jets, which produce non-thermal emission through synchrotron radiation as they interact with the surrounding medium. Here we report observations of the unusual GRB 101225A. Its γ-ray emission was exceptionally long-lived and was followed by a bright X-ray transient with a hot thermal component and an unusual optical counterpart. During the first 10 days, the optical emission evolved as an expanding, cooling black body, after which an additional component, consistent with a faint supernova, emerged. We estimate its redshift to be z = 0.33 by fitting the spectral-energy distribution and light curve of the optical emission with a GRB-supernova template. Deep optical observations may have revealed a faint, unresolved host galaxy. Our proposed progenitor is a merger of a helium star with a neutron star that underwent a common envelope phase, expelling its hydrogen envelope. The resulting explosion created a GRB-like jet which became thermalized by interacting with the dense, previously ejected material, thus creating the observed black body, until finally the emission from the supernova dominated. An alternative explanation is a minor body falling onto a neutron star in the Galaxy.

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Campana, S. 2011 GRB 101225A的中子星来源解释

主要内容:
认为这个圣诞暴是银河系起源。小行星撞到中子星上去了。

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Title:		A minor body falling onto a neutron star as an explanation for the unusual gamma-ray burst GRB 101225A
Authors:		Campana, S.; Lodato, G.; D'Avanzo, P.; Panagia, N.; Rossi, E. M.; Della Valle, M.; Tagliaferri, G.; Antonelli, L. A.; Covino, S.;Ghirlanda, G.; Ghisellini, G.; Melandri, A.; Pian, E.; Salvaterra, R.; Cusumano, G.; D'Elia, V.; Fugazza, D.; Palazzi, E.;Sbarufatti, B.; Vergani, S. D.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1112.0018
Publication Date:		11/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		Published in Nature on Dec 1, 2011. 3 pages, 1 figures (main paper). 15 pages, 4 figures (supplementary information)
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1112.0018C

Abstract

The tidal disruption of a solar mass star around a supermassive black hole has been extensively studied analytically and numerically. In these events the star develops into an elongated banana-shaped structure. After completing an eccentric orbit, the bound debris fall onto the black hole, forming an accretion disk and emitting radiation. The same process may occur on planetary scales, if a minor body orbits too close to its star. In the Solar System, comets fall directly onto our Sun or onto planets. If the star is a compact object, the minor body can become tidally disrupted. Indeed, one of the first mechanisms invoked to produce strong gamma-ray emission involved accretion of comets onto neutron stars in our Galaxy. Here we report that the peculiarities of the `Christmas' gamma-ray burst (GRB 101225A) can be explained by a tidal disruption event of a minor body around a Galactic isolated neutron star. This result would indicate either that minor bodies can be captured by compact stellar remnants more frequently than it occurs in our Solar System or that minor body formation is relatively easy around millisecond radio pulsars. A peculiar Supernova associated to a GRB may provide an alternative explanation.

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Thöne 2011 GRB 101225A可能是类似于XRF 060218的shock breakout

主要内容:
红移=0.32是估计出来的，方法是说外流的速度应该在0.03c到0.5c之间，加上是黑体辐射，估算了红移的范围。（不知道为什么就估算出来了，貌似文章也没说，就一句话）
然后把060218的光变移到0.32的时候和观测到的101225a的很像，就说这个圣诞暴的红移是0.32 =_=!


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Title:		An unusual stellar death on Christmas Day
Authors:		Thöne, C. C.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Fryer, C. L.; Page, K. L.; Gorosabel, J.; Perley, D. A.; Kouveliotou, C.; Janka, H. T.; Aloy, M. A.; Mimica, P.; Racusin, J. L.; Krimm, H.; Cummings, J.; Oates, S. R.; Holland, S. T.; Siegel, M. H.; De Pasquale, M.; Sonbas, E.; Im, M.; Park, W. -K.; Kann, D. A.; Guziy, S.; Hernandez Garcia, L.; Bundy, K.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Choi, C.; Jeong, H.; Korhonen, H.; Kubanek, P.; Lim, J.; Llorente, A.; Moskvitin, A.; Muñoz Darias, T.; Pak, S.; Parrish, I.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1105.3015
Publication Date:		05/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		19 pages, 20 figures, submitted
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1105.3015T

Abstract

Massive stars can end their lives in many different ways. Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most dramatic examples, releasing ultra-relativistic ejecta that produce non-thermal emission when interacting with the surrounding medium (Zhang et al. 2004). Usually, those events are accompanied by a supernova (SN) (Woosley et al. 2006). In a few low-redshift GRB-SNe we could observe the actual breakout of the shock front from the surface of the star (Campana et al. 2006). Here we present GRB 101225A, a very peculiar event at a distance of 1.6 Gpc. A bright X-ray transient with a thermal component and an unusual optical counterpart followed an exceptionally long gamma-ray event. During the first 10 days, the optical emission evolved as an expanding, cooling blackbody with a large initial radius, after which a faint SN was observed. The absence of a normal GRB afterglow implies that some dense material, likely ejected by the progenitor star, completely thermalized the high-energy emission. A possible progenitor is a helium star/neutron star binary which underwent a common envelope phase, expelling its hydrogen envelope prior to the explosion. The final merging process created a GRB-like event where we observe the shock breakout of the secondary star before the high-energy emission gets thermalized in the collision with the previously expelled shell, until finally the emission from the SN itself takes over. GRB 101225A defines a new, rare type of blackbody-dominated GRB which explodes in a dense environment created by the progenitor system itself.

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