Remillard 2006 黑洞双星的X射线辐射

主要内容:


精彩摘抄:

一些黑洞双星的大小

20个确认了的黑洞

Q形图

其中某个的光变和谱

高频QPO

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Title:		X-Ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries
Authors:		Remillard, Ronald A.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.
Publication:		Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 44, Issue 1, pp.49-92 (Annual Reviews Homepage)
Publication Date:		09/2006
Origin:		ARAA
DOI:		10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092532
Bibliographic Code:		2006ARA&A..44...49R

Abstract

We review the properties and behavior of 20 X-ray binaries that contain a dynamically-confirmed black hole, 17 of which are transient systems. During the past decade, many of these transient sources were observed daily throughout the course of their typically year-long outburst cycles using the large-area timing detector aboard the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. The evolution of these transient sources is complex. Nevertheless, there are behavior patterns common to all of them as we show in a comprehensive comparison of six selected systems. Central to this comparison are three X-ray states of accretion, which are reviewed and defined quantitatively. We discuss phenomena that arise in strong gravitational fields, including relativistically-broadened Fe lines, high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (100 450 Hz), and relativistic radio and X-ray jets. Such phenomena show us how a black hole interacts with its environment, thereby complementing the picture of black holes that gravitational wave detectors will provide. We sketch a scenario for the potential impact of timing/spectral studies of accreting black holes on physics and discuss a current frontier topic, namely, the measurement of black hole spin.

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Mirabel 1998 银河系中的微类星体

主要内容:


精彩摘抄:

看到了视超光速运动  GRS1915+105

著名的图就是来自这篇文章

文章信息:

Progress

Nature 392, 673-676 (16 April 1998) | doi:10.1038/33603

Microquasars in our Galaxy

I. F. Mirabel¹ & L. F. Rodríguez²

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Abstract

Microquasars are stellar-mass black holes in our Galaxy that mimic, on a smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars. Their discovery opens the way for a new understanding of the connection between the accretion of matter onto black holes and the origin of the relativistic jets observed in remote quasars.

Discovered more than 30 years ago, quasars remain some of the most mysterious objects in the Universe. It is widely believed that they are powered by black holes of several million solar masses or more that lie at the centres of remote galaxies. Their luminosities are much larger than ordinary galaxies like the Milky Way, yet originate from regions smaller than the size of the Solar System. Occasionally, quasars spout jets of gas that appear to move on the plane of the sky with velocities exceeding that of light (that is, with superluminal velocities). The extreme distance of quasars introduces many uncertainties into the interpretation of the source of energy and the nature of the ejecta that appear to be moving with superluminal speeds.

The recent finding in our own Galaxy of microquasars^{1, 2, 3, 4}, a class of objects that mimics — on scales millions of times smaller — the properties of quasars, has opened new perspectives for the astrophysics of black holes (seeFig. 1). These scaled-down versions of quasars are believed to be powered by spinning black holes⁵ but with masses of up to a few tens times that of the Sun. The word microquasar was chosen to suggest that the analogy with quasars is more than morphological, and that there is an underlying unity in the physics of accreting black holes over an enormous range of scales, from stellar-mass black holes in binary stellar systems, to supermassive black holes at the centre of distant galaxies. As the characteristic times in the flow of matter onto a black hole are proportional to its mass, variations with intervals of minutes in a microquasar correspond to analogous phenomena with durations of thousands of years in a quasar of 10⁹ solar masses, which is much longer than a human lifetime. Therefore, variations with minutes of duration in microquasars could be sampling phenomena that we have not been able to study in quasars.

Mirabel 1999 银河系中的相对论性喷流

主要内容:




精彩摘抄:

当时（1999年）就这几个源，而且都是大角度指向的。

theta的含义。

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Title:		Sources of Relativistic Jets in the Galaxy
Authors:		Mirabel, I. F.; Rodríguez, L. F.
Affiliation:		AA(Centre d'Études de Saclay, CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/Sap, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191 France; and Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio C.C. 67, Suc. 28. 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina mirabel@discovery.saclay.cea.fr), AB(Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Apdo. 04510 México, México D.F., Postal 70-264 luisfr@astrosmo.unam.mx)
Publication:		Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 37, pp. 409-443. (Annual Reviews Homepage)
Publication Date:		00/1999
Origin:		ARA&A
Keywords:		RADIO CONTINUUM STARS, SUPERLUMINAL MOTION, X-RAYS BINARIES
DOI:		10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.409
Bibliographic Code:		1999ARA&A..37..409M

Abstract

Black holes of stellar mass and neutron stars in binary systems are first detected as hard X-ray sources using high-energy space telescopes. Relativistic jets in some of these compact sources are found by means of multiwavelength observations with ground-based telescopes. The X-ray emission probes the inner accretion disk and immediate surroundings of the compact object, whereas the synchrotron emission from the jets is observed in the radio and infrared bands, and in the future could be detected at even shorter wavelengths. Black-hole X-ray binaries with relativistic jets mimic, on a much smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars and are thus called microquasars. Because of their proximity, their study opens the way for a better understanding of the relativistic jets seen elsewhere in the Universe. From the observation of two-sided moving jets it is inferred that the ejecta in microquasars move with relativistic speeds similar to those believed to be present in quasars. The simultaneous multiwavelength approach to microquasars reveals in short timescales the close connection between instabilities in the accretion disk seen in the X-rays, and the ejection of relativistic clouds of plasma observed as synchrotron emission at longer wavelengths. Besides contributing to a deeper understanding of accretion disks and jets, microquasars may serve in the future to determine the distances of jet sources using constraints from special relativity, and the spin of black holes using general relativity.

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