伽玛暴(Gamma-Ray Burst)笔记。记录有关伽玛暴的新文章,另外也包括看的老文章、自己的想法、以及跟天文相关的一些东西。 Feel free to leave me a message by comments or by email.

星期五, 六月 04, 2010

Shao 2010 150个有红移的Swift暴的统计

主要内容:
统计包括光变,光子谱指数和红移分布。红移按泊松分布,光子谱在prompt阶段和余辉阶段有个变化,光变在prompt阶段有个平台(意味着中心引擎此时输出的功率一定)。

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文章信息:

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· arXiv e-print (arXiv:1006.0286)
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Title:
Underlying global features of the X-ray light curves of Swift GRBs
Authors:
Shao, LangFan, Yi-ZhongWei, Da-Ming
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1006.0286
Publication Date:
06/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:
17 pages, 4 figures
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1006.0286S

Abstract

With its rapid-response, {\it Swift} has revealed plenty of unexpected properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Primarily, our current understandings are challenged by the observed complex early X-ray light curves. In this {\it Letter}, based on the public {\it Swift} data of 150 well monitored GRBs with measured redshifts, we find some interesting global features of the X-ray light curves in the rest frame. The distinct spectral behaviors between the prompt emission and the afterglow emission implies dissimilar radiation scenarios. Interestingly, an unforeseen plateau is exhibited in the prompt X-ray light curves despite of being full of spikes, which might reveal a steady central engine. In addition, the redshift distribution for the 150 bursts also reveals a Possion quality.
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Rowlinson 2010 GRB 080905A的光学余辉和宿主星系的观测

主要内容:
 z=0.1218, 是目前红移最低的短暴。没有超新星成分。短暴周围没有发射线,说明很有可能是双致密星起源。

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· arXiv e-print (arXiv:1006.0487)
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Title:
Discovery of the afterglow and host galaxy of the low redshift short GRB 080905A
Authors:
Rowlinson, A.Wiersema, K.Levan, A. J.Tanvir, N. R.O'Brien, P. T.Rol, E.Hjorth, J.Thone, C. C.de Ugarte Postigo, A.;Fynbo, J. P. U.Jakobsson, P.Pagani, C.Stamatikos, M.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1006.0487
Publication Date:
06/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Comment:
Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 10 pages, 5 figures
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1006.0487R

Abstract

We present the discovery of short GRB 080905A, its optical afterglow and host galaxy. Initially discovered by Swift, our deep optical observations enabled the identification of a faint optical afterglow, and subsequently a face-on spiral host galaxy underlying the GRB position, with a chance alignment probability of <1%. There is no supernova component present in the afterglow to deep limits. Spectroscopy of the galaxy provides a redshift of z=0.1218, the lowest redshift yet observed for a short GRB. The GRB lies offset from the host galaxy centre by ~18.5 kpc, in the northern spiral arm which exhibits an older stellar population than the southern arm. No emission lines are visible directly under the burst position, implying little ongoing star formation at the burst location. These properties would naturally be explained were the progenitor of GRB 080905A a compact binary merger.
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星期三, 六月 02, 2010

Zhao 2010 Fermi-LAT暴的洛仑兹因子

主要内容:
如果低能和高能伽马射线来自同一个区的话,导出的洛仑兹因子会太高。
如果认为他们来自两个不同的区域的话,可以解释观测,不会导致低能段指数下降。

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Title:
The bulk Lorentz factors of Fermi-LAT GRBs
Authors:
Zhao, Xiaohong; Li, Zhuo; Bai, Jinming
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1005.5229
Publication Date:
05/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:
6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1005.5229Z

Abstract

The Lorentz factor (LF) of gamma-ray burst (GRB) ejecta may be constrained by observations of high-energy (HE) spectral attenuation. The recent Fermi-LAT observations of prompt GeV emission from several bright GRBs have leaded to conclusions of unexpectedly large LFs, $\Gamma>10^3$. Here we revisit this problem with two main concerns. (1) With one-zone assumption where all photons are assumed to be generated in the same region (radius) and time, we {\em self-consistently} calculate the $\gamma\gamma$ optical depth by adopting a target photon spectrum with HE cutoff. We find that this might be important when the GRB LF is below a few hundreds. (2) Recent Fermi-LAT observations suggest that the bulk MeV-range and HE ($\ga100$ MeV) emission may arise from different regions. We then consider a two-zone case where HE emission is generated in large radii and mainly attenuated by prompt MeV-range emission generated at small radii. We find that the attenuated HE spectrum does not show an exponential spectral cutoff but a slight steepening. This suggests that there may be no abrupt cutoff due to $\gamma\gamma$ attenuation if relaxing the one-zone assumption. By studying the spectra of three bright Fermi-LAT GRBs 080916C, 090510 and 090902B, we show that a bulk LF of $300\la\Gamma\la600$ can be consistent with observations.
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星期四, 五月 20, 2010

Yunes 2010 检验引力的parity violation

主要内容:
不同偏振的引力波的传播速度相同,但强度不同。这个可以用短暴给测出来,办法是短暴本身有红移就知道距离;引力波也可以探测距离。如果这二者不同的话,就说明parity violation了。文章还说现有仪器的精度已经足够做这个检测了。

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Title:
Testing gravitational parity violation with coincident gravitational waves and short gamma-ray bursts
Authors:
Yunes, Nicolas; O'Shaughnessy, Richard; Owen, Benjamin J.; Alexander, Stephon
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1005.3310
Publication Date:
05/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Comment:
21 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1005.3310Y

Abstract

Gravitational parity violation is a possibility motivated by particle physics, string theory and loop quantum gravity. One effect of it is amplitude birefringence of gravitational waves, whereby left and right circularly-polarized waves propagate at the same speed but with different amplitude evolution. Here we propose a test of this effect through coincident observations of gravitational waves and short gamma-ray bursts from binary mergers involving neutron stars. Such gravitational waves are highly left or right circularly-polarized due to the geometry of the merger. Using localization information from the gamma-ray burst, ground-based gravitational wave detectors can measure the distance to the source with reasonable accuracy. An electromagnetic determination of the redshift from an afterglow or host galaxy yields an independent measure of this distance. Gravitational parity violation would manifest itself as a discrepancy between these two distance measurements. We exemplify such a test by considering one specific effective theory that leads to such gravitational parity-violation, Chern-Simons gravity. We show that the advanced LIGO-Virgo network and all-sky gamma-ray telescopes can be sensitive to the propagating sector of Chern-Simons gravitational parity violation to a level roughly two orders of magnitude better than current stationary constraints from the LAGEOS satellites.
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Cheng 2010 部分伽马暴来自超导宇宙弦的爆发

主要内容:
不懂啊不懂
就是说有些暴的时标太短,高红移暴的数量太多,于是提出有些伽马暴可能来自别的起源--宇宙弦。

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· arXiv e-print (arXiv:1005.3427)
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Title:
High Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts: Observational Signatures of Superconducting Cosmic Strings?
Authors:
Cheng, K. S.; Yu, Yun-Wei; Harko, T.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1005.3427
Publication Date:
05/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Comment:
5 pages, 1 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1005.3427C

Abstract

The high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), GRBs 080913 and 090423, challenge the conventional GRB progenitor models by their short durations, typical for short GRBs, and their high energy releases, typical for long GRBs. Meanwhile, the GRB rate inferred from high-redshift GRBs also remarkably exceeds the prediction of the collapsar model, with an ordinary star formation history. We show that all these contradictions could be eliminated naturally, if we ascribe some high-redshift GRBs to electromagnetic bursts of superconducting cosmic strings. High-redshift GRBs could become a reasonable way to test the superconducting cosmic string model, because the event rate of cosmic string bursts increases rapidly with increasing redshifts, whereas the collapsar rate decreases.
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星期四, 五月 13, 2010

Chincarini 2010 Sooner一个极快速的光学望远镜

主要内容:
准备做这样一个望远镜,可以极其快速的指向所需要观测的方向。另外两个特点是多波段和高时间分辨率。

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Title:
The Sooner: a Large Robotic Telescope
Authors:
Chincarini, G.; Zannoni, M.; Covino, S.; Molinari, E.; Benetti, S.; Vitali, F.; Bonoli, C.; Bortoletto, F.; Cascone, E.; Cosentino, R.; D'Alessio, F.; D'Avanzo, P.; De Caprio, V.; Della Valle, M.; Fernandez-Soto, A.; Fugazza, D.; Giro, E.; Gomboc, A.; Guidorzi, C.; Magrin, D.; Malaspina, G.; Mankiewicz, L.; Margutti, R.; Mazzoleni, R.; Nicastro, L.; Riva, A.; Riva, M.; Salvaterra, R.; Spano, P.; Sperandio, M.; Stefanon, M.; Tosti, G.; Testa, V.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1005.1569
Publication Date:
05/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Comment:
To be published in the proceedings of the conference "The Shocking Universe", San Servolo Venice, September 14-18, 2009.
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1005.1569C

Abstract

The approach of Observational Astronomy is mainly aimed at the construction of larger aperture telescopes, more sensitive detectors and broader wavelength coverage. Certainly fruitful, this approach turns out to be not completely fulfilling the needs when phenomena related to the formation of black holes (BH), neutron stars (NS) and relativistic stars in general are concerned. Recently, mainly through the Vela, Beppo-SAX and Swift satellites, we reached a reasonable knowledge of the most violent events in the Universe and of some of the processes we believe are leading to the formation of black holes (BH). We plan to open a new window of opportunity to study the variegated physics of very fast astronomical transients, particularly the one related to extreme compact objects. The innovative approach is based on three cornerstones: 1) the design (the conceptual design has been already completed) of a 3m robotic telescope and related focal plane instrumentation characterized by the unique features: "No telescope points faster"; 2) simultaneous multi-wavelengths observations (photometry, spectroscopy o\& polarimetry); 3) high time resolution observations. The conceptual design of the telescope and related instrumentation is optimized to address the following topics: High frequency a-periodic variability, Polarization, High z GRBs, Short GRBs, GRB-Supernovae association, Multi-wavelengths simultaneous photometry and rapid low dispersion spectroscopy. This experiment will turn the "exception" (like the optical observations of GRB 080319B) to "routine".
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Mészáros 2010 短暴各向异性可能破坏宇宙学原理

主要内容:
Vavrek et al. 2008说BATSE的短暴是各向异性分布的,他们就认为这个破坏了宇宙学原理:宇宙是各向同性的。(当然更可能是别的原因导致各向异性而不是说宇宙学原理错了。)

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Title:
Impact on Cosmology of the Celestial Anisotropy of the Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors:
Mészáros, A.; Balázs, L. G.; Bagoly, Z.; Veres, P.
Affiliation:
AA(Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Astronomical Institute, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic; meszaros@cesnet.cz), AB(Konkoly Observatory, P.O. Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary; balazs@konkoly.hu), AC(Lab. for Information Technology, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; zsolt@yela.elte.hu), AD(Lab. for Information Technology, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; veresp@elte.hu; Dept. of Physics, Bolyai Military University, H-1581 Budapest, POB 15, Hungary)
Publication:
Baltic Astronomy, Vol. 18, p. 293-296
Publication Date:
00/2009
Origin:
BALTA
Keywords:
cosmology, gamma-rays: bursts
Bibliographic Code:
2009BaltA..18..293M

Abstract

Recently the anisotropy of the short gamma-ray bursts detected by BATSE was announced (Vavrek et al. 2008). The impact of this discovery on cosmology is discussed. It is shown that the anisotropy found may cause the breakdown of the cosmological principle.
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Ackermann 2010 GRB 090510的高能观测

主要内容:
是第一个高能偏离Band谱的暴。

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 光变


 谱
拟合的谱,有一个多的成分

文章信息:
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· arXiv e-print (arXiv:1005.2141)
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Title:
Fermi Observations of GRB 090510: A Short Hard Gamma-Ray Burst with an Additional, Hard Power-Law Component from 10 keV to GeV Energies
Authors:
Fermi LAT, The; GBM Collaborations
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1005.2141
Publication Date:
05/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:
33 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ. Contact Authors: James Chiang (jchiang@slac.stanford.edu), Jonathon Granot (j.granot@herts.ac.uk), Sylvain Guiriec (sylvain.guiriec@lpta.in2p3.fr), Masanori Ohno (ohno@astro.isas.jaxa.jp)
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1005.2141F

Abstract

We present detailed observations of the bright short-hard gamma-ray burst GRB 090510 made with the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi observatory. GRB 090510 is the first burst detected by the LAT that shows strong evidence for a deviation from a Band spectral fitting function during the prompt emission phase. The time-integrated spectrum is fit by the sum of a Band function with $\Epeak = 3.9\pm 0.3$\,MeV, which is the highest yet measured, and a hard power-law component with photon index $-1.62\pm 0.03$ that dominates the emission below $\approx$\,20\,keV and above $\approx$\,100\,MeV. The onset of the high-energy spectral component appears to be delayed by $\sim$\,0.1\,s with respect to the onset of a component well fit with a single Band function. A faint GBM pulse and a LAT photon are detected 0.5\,s before the main pulse. During the prompt phase, the LAT detected a photon with energy $30.5^{+5.8}_{-2.6}$ GeV, the highest ever measured from a short GRB. Observation of this photon sets a minimum bulk outflow Lorentz factor, $\Gamma\ga$\,1200, using simple $\gamma\gamma$ opacity arguments for this GRB at redshift $z = 0.903$ and a variability time scale on the order of tens of ms for the $\approx$\,100\,keV--few MeV flux. Stricter high confidence estimates imply $\Gamma \ga 1000$ and still require that the outflows powering short GRBs are at least as highly relativistic as those of long duration GRBs. Implications of the temporal behavior and power-law shape of the additional component on synchrotron/synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), external-shock synchrotron, and hadronic models are considered.
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星期三, 五月 12, 2010

Staff 2010 夸克新星作为GRB和XRO的起源

主要内容:
主要还是解释XRO 080109的,提出另一种产生中等能量的机制。

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Title:
Quark nova inside supernova: Application to GRBs and XROs
Authors:
Staff, Jan; Ouyed, Rachid
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1005.1874
Publication Date:
05/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Comment:
13 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. To appear in Proceedings for "Compact stars in the QCD phase diagram II (CSQCD II), May 20-24, 2009, KIAA at Peking University, Beijing - P. R. China [http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu/csqcd.htm]
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1005.1874S

Abstract

In this paper we consider a quark nova occurring inside an exploding star. The quark nova ejecta will shock when interacting with the stellar envelope. When this shock reaches the surface of the star, the energy is radiated away. We suggest that this energy may be seen in X-rays, and show here that this may explain some flares seen in the X-ray afterglow of long gamma ray bursts (GRBs). A quark nova inside an exploding star need not be followed by a GRB, or the GRB may not be beamed towards us. However, the shock breakout is likely not beamed and could be seen even in the absence of a GRB. We suggest that XRO 080109 is such an event in which a quark nova occurs inside an exploding star. No GRB is formed, but the break out of the shock leads to the XRO.
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Mao 2010 伽马暴宿主星系的理论分析

主要内容:
假设长暴来自于恒星形成中的宿主星系,根据星系的演化看对X射线和光学余辉的吸收,红移大的吸收大些,和Swift的观测相符。不能用于小红移,因为晚期有星系并合,单一星系演化模型不能用了。

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Title:
A Theoretical Investigation on the Gamma-ray Burst Host Galaxies
Authors:
Mao, J.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1005.1876
Publication Date:
05/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Comment:
ApJ accepted, comments are welcome
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1005.1876M

Abstract

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts(LGRBs) are believed to be linked with the star formation. We adopt a galactic evolution model, in which the star formation process inside the virialized dark halo at given redshift can be achieved. In this paper, the gamma-ray burst(GRB) host galaxies are assumed to be the star-forming galaxies within the small dark halos. The star formation rates(SFRs) in the host galaxies of LGRBs at different redshifts have been derived from our model with the galactic evolutionary time about a few times of $10^7$ yr and the dark halo mass of about $5\times 10^{11}M_\odot$. The related stellar masses, luminosities and metallicities of these hosts are estimated as well. We further calculate the X-ray and optical absorption of GRB afterglow emission. From our model calculation, at higher redshift, the SFR of host galaxy is larger, the absorption in X-ray band and optical band of GRB afterglow is stronger, in the condition that the dust and metal components are released locally, surrounding the GRB environment. These model predictions are compared with the {\it Swift} and other observational data. At lower redshift $z.lt.1$,
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