Asano 2011 数值模拟内激波的辐射的谱和时变

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Title:		Spectral-Temporal Simulations of Internal Dissipation Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors:		Asano, Katsuaki; Meszaros, Peter
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1107.4825
Publication Date:		07/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		37 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1107.4825A

Abstract

We present calculations of the time evolution of the prompt spectra of gamma-ray burst models involving generic internal dissipation regions, including internal shocks, either by itself or in the presence of an external photon source such as a photosphere. The method uses a newly developed time-dependent code involving synchrotron emission and absorption, inverse Compton scattering and pair formation. The models reproduce the typical observed Band spectra and their generic time evolution, including the appearance of an extra keV-GeV component, whose delay in simple SSC models, however, is only partially able to explain the several seconds observed GeV delays. On the other hand, models involving both a photosphere and an internal dissipation region at a larger radius produce both an extra GeV component and time delays which are in the range of the observations.

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Serino 2011 GRB 090926B的谱

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很窄，说可能是黑体的逆康普顿散射。

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Title:		Peculiarly Narrow SED of GRB 090926B with MAXI and Fermi/GBM
Authors:		Serino, Motoko; Yoshida, Atsumasa; Kawai, Nobuyuki; Nakagawa, Yujin E.; Ueda, Yoshihiro;Mihara, Tatehiro; Nakahira, Satoshi; Eguchi, Satoshi; Hiroi, Kazuo; Ishikawa, Masaki; Isobe, Naoki;Kimura, Masashi; Kitayama, Hiroki; Kohama, Mitsuhiro; Matsumura, Takanori; Matsuoka, Masaru;Morii, Mikio; Nakajima, Motoki; Negoro, Hitoshi; Shidatsu, Megumi; Sootome, Tetsuya; Sugimori, Kousuke;Sugizaki, Mutsumi; Suwa, Fumitoshi; Toizumi, Takahiro; Tomida, Hiroshi; Tsuboi, Yohko;Tsunemi, Hiroshi; Ueno, Shiro; Usui, Ryuichi; Yamamoto, Takayuki; Yamaoka, Kazutaka; Yamauchi, Makoto;Yamazaki, Kyohei; the MAXI Collaboration
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1107.4844
Publication Date:		07/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		7 pages, 6 figures
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1107.4844S

Abstract

The monitor of all-sky X-ray image (MAXI) Gas Slit Camera (GSC) on the International Space Station (ISS) detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB) on 2009, September 26, GRB\,090926B. This GRB had extremely hard spectra in the X-ray energy range. Joint spectral fitting with the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope shows that this burst has peculiarly narrow spectral energy distribution and is represented by Comptonized blackbody model. This spectrum can be interpreted as photospheric emission from the low baryon-load GRB fireball. Calculating the parameter of fireball, we found the size of the base of the flow $r_0 = (4.3 \pm 0.9) \times 10^{9} \, Y^{\prime \, -3/2}$ cm and Lorentz factor of the plasma $\Gamma = (110 \pm 10) \, Y^{\prime \, 1/4}$, where $Y^{\prime}$ is a ratio between the total fireball energy and the energy in the blackbody component of the gamma-ray emission. This $r_0$ is factor of a few larger, and the Lorentz factor of 110 is smaller by also factor of a few than other bursts that have blackbody components in the spectra.

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Prieto 2011 SN2008jb的观测

主要内容:
典型的伽马暴宿主星系--小的不规则星系，O的丰度也比较低12 + log(O/H) = 8.1 (~1/5 Solar)。

不过有氢线，是IIp型的超新星。

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Title:		SN 2008jb: A "Lost" Core-Collapse Supernova in a Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxy at ~10 Mpc
Authors:		Prieto, Jose L.; Lee, J. C.; Drake, A. J.; McNaught, R.; Garradd, G.; Beacom, J. F.; Beshore, E.;Catelan, M.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Pojmanski, G.; Stanek, K. Z.; Szczygiel, D. M.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1107.5043
Publication Date:		07/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Comment:		40 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1107.5043P

Abstract

We present the discovery and follow-up observations of SN 2008jb, a core-collapse supernova in the dwarf irregular galaxy ESO 302-14 at 9.6 Mpc. This transient was missed by galaxy-targeted surveys and was only found in archival optical images obtained by CRTS and ASAS. It was detected shortly after explosion and reached a bright optical maximum, Vmax = 13.6 mag (M_Vmax ~ -16.5). The shape of the light curve shows a plateau of 100 days, followed by a drop of 1.4 mag in V-band to a decline with the approximate Co 56 decay slope, consistent with 0.04 Msun of Ni 56 synthesized in the explosion. A spectrum obtained 2 years after explosion shows a broad, boxy Halpha emission line, which is unusual for type IIP supernovae. We detect the supernova in archival Spitzer and WISE images obtained 8-14 months after explosion, which show clear signs of warm dust emission. The dwarf irregular host galaxy has a low gas-phase oxygen abundance, 12 + log(O/H) = 8.1 (~1/5 Solar), similar to those of the SMC and the hosts of long gamma-ray bursts and luminous core-collapse supernovae. We study the host environment using GALEX FUV, R-band, and Halpha images and find that the supernova occurred in a large star-formation complex. The morphology of the Halpha emission appears as a large shell (R = 350 pc) surrounding the FUV and optical emission. We estimate an age of ~9 Myr and a total mass of ~2 x 10^5 Msun for the star-formation complex. These properties are consistent with the expanding Halpha supershells observed in well-studied nearby dwarf galaxies, which are tell-tale signs of feedback from the cumulative effect of massive star winds and supernovae. The age estimated for the star-forming region suggests a relatively high-mass progenitor star with initial mass of ~20 Msun. We discuss the implications of these findings in the study of core-collapse supernova progenitors. (Abridged)

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Moharana 2011 内激波产生的高能中微子

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Title:		High Energy Neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts
Authors:		Moharana, Reetanjali; Gupta, Nayantara
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1107.4483
Publication Date:		07/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Comment:		6 pages, 3 figures
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1107.4483M

Abstract

In the internal shock model of gamma ray bursts ultrahigh energy pions, kaons and neutrons are likely to be produced in the interactions of shock accelerated relativistic protons with low energy photons (KeV-MeV). The ultrahigh energy mesons and neutrons subsequently decay to high energy neutrinos/antineutrinos and other secondary particles. In the high internal magnetic fields of gamma ray bursts, the ultrahigh energy charged particles ($\pi^+$, $K^+$ and $\mu^+$) lose energy significantly due to synchrotron radiations before decaying into secondary high energy neutrinos. However, the relativistic neutrons remain unaffected and decay to high energy antineutrinos, protons and electrons. We have calculated the total neutrino flux (neutrino and antineutrino) considering the decay channels of muons, pions, kaons and neutrons. We show that depending on the values of the parameters of a gamma ray burst the antineutrino flux generated in neutron decay can exceed the total neutrino flux produced from $\pi^+$ decay. Moreover, the charged kaons being heavier than pions, lose energy slowly and their secondary neutrino flux is more than that from pions at very high energy. We also discuss that the pion, kaon, and neutron decay channels may show distinct peaks in the total neutrino spectrum at different energies depending on the values of the parameters (luminosity, Lorentz factor, variability time, spectral indices and break energy in the photon spectrum) of a gamma ray burst.

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Ray 2011 超新星的相对论性喷流作为超高能宇宙射线的来源

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Title:		Engine-driven Relativistic Supernovae as Sources of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
Authors:		Ray, Alak; Chakraborti, Sayan
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1103.3992
Publication Date:		03/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		4 pages, 1 figure, proceedings of the GRB 2010 conference in Annapolis, USA
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1103.3992R

Abstract

Understanding the origin of the highest energy cosmic rays is a crucial step in probing new physics at energies unattainable by terrestrial accelerators. Their sources remain an enigma half a century after their discovery. They must be accelerated in the local universe as otherwise interaction with cosmic background radiations would severely deplete the flux of protons and nuclei at energies above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) limit. Hypernovae, nearby GRBs, AGNs and their flares have all been suggested and debated in the literature as possible sources. Type Ibc supernovae have a local sub-population with mildly relativistic ejecta which are known to be sub-energetic GRBs or X-Ray Flashes for sometime and more recently as those with radio afterglows but without detected GRB counterparts, such as SN 2009bb. In this work we measure the size-magnetic field evolution, baryon loading and energetics of SN 2009bb using its radio spectra obtained with VLA and GMRT. We show that the engine-driven SNe lie above the Hillas line and they can explain the characteristics of post-GZK UHECRs.

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Xu 2011 有平降的伽马暴的统计关系

主要内容:
Lx, T_a, E_gamma,iso的关系，其中T_a是平降的时标。

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Title:		A new three-parameter correlation for gamma-ray bursts with a plateau phase in the afterglow
Authors:		Xu, M.; Huang, Y. F.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1103.3978
Publication Date:		03/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1103.3978X

Abstract

Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) have great advantages for their huge burst energies, luminosities and high redshifts in probing the Universe. A few interesting luminosity correlations of GRBs have been used to test cosmology models. Especially, for a subsample of long GRBs with known redshifts and a plateau phase in the afterglow, a correlation between the end time of the plateau phase (in the GRB rest frame) and the corresponding X-ray luminosity has been found. In this paper, we re-analyze the subsample and found that a significantly tighter correlation exists when we add a third parameter, i.e. the isotropic $\gamma$-ray energy release, into the consideration. Additionally, both long and intermediate duration GRBs are consistent with the same three-parameter correlation equation. It is argued that the new three-parameter correlation is consistent with the hypothesis that the subsample of GRBs with a plateau phase in the afterglow be associated with the birth of rapidly rotating magnetars, and that the plateau be due to the continuous energy-injection from the magnetar. It is suggested that the newly born millisecond magnetars associated with GRBs might provide a good standard candle in the Universe.

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Ghirlanda 2011 洛仑兹因子和光度、能量等的统计关系

主要内容:
大致上E，L正比于Gamma的平方，E_p正比于Gamma。
和Liang2010的E~Gamma^4不同。

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Title:		Gamma Ray Bursts in the comoving frame
Authors:		Ghirlanda, G.; Nava, L.; Ghisellini, G.; Celotti, A.; Burlon, D.; Covino, S.; Melandri, A.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1107.4096
Publication Date:		07/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		12 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to MNRAS
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1107.4096G

Abstract

We estimate the bulk Lorentz factor Gamma_0 of 32 GRBs using the measured peak time of their afterglow light curves. We consider two possible scenarios for the estimate of Gamma_0: the case of a homogeneous circumburst medium or a wind density profile. The values of Gamma_0 are broadly distributed between few tens and several hundreds with average values ~125 and ~63 for the homogeneous and wind density profile, respectively. We find that the isotropic energy and luminosity correlate in a similar way with Gamma_0, i.e. Eiso Gamma_0^2 and Liso Gamma_0^2, while the peak energy Epeak Gamma_0. These correlations are less scattered in the wind density profile than in the homogeneous case. We then study the energetics, luminosities and spectral properties of our bursts in their comoving frame. The distribution of Liso' is very narrow with a dispersion of only one decade in the wind case, clustering around Liso'=5x10^48 erg/s. Peak photon energies cluster around Epeak'=5 keV. The newly found correlations involving Gamma_0 offer a general interpretation scheme for the spectral-energy correlations of GRBs. The Epeak-Eiso and Epeak-Liso correlations are due to the different Gamma_0 factors and the collimation-corrected correlation, Epeak-Egamma (obtained by correcting the isotropic quantities for the jet opening angle theta_j), can be explained if theta_j^2*Gamma_0=constant. Assuming the Epeak-Egamma correlation as valid, we find a typical value of theta_j*Gamma_0 ~ 5-12, in agreement with the predictions of magnetically accelerated jet models.

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Vergani 2011 GRB091127/SN2009nz余辉和宿主星系的观测

主要内容:
是个很暗的星系。

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Title:		GRB091127/SN2009nz and the VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy of its host galaxy: probing the faint end of the mass-metallicity relation
Authors:		Vergani, S. D.; Flores, H.; Covino, S.; Fugazza, D.; Gorosabel, J.; Levan, A. J.; Puech, M.;Salvaterra, R.; Tello, J. C.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; D'Avanzo, P.; D'Elia, V.; Fernández, M.;Fynbo, J. P. U.; Jelínek, M.; Malesani, D.; Palazzi, E.; Piranomonte, S.; Rodrigues, M.; Sánchez-Ramírez, R.; Terrón, V.; Thöne, C. C.; Antonelli, L. A.; Campana, S.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.;Goldoni, P.; Hammer, F.; Hjorth, J.; Jakobsson, P.; Kaper, L.; Melandri, A.; Milvang-Jensen, B.;Sollerman, J.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tanvir, N. R.; Wiersema, K.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1107.3841
Publication Date:		07/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to A&A
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1107.3841V

Abstract

We perform a detailed study of the gamma-ray burst GRB091127/SN2009nz host galaxy at z=0.490 using the VLT/X-shooter spectrograph in long-slit and integral-field unit (IFU). From the analysis of the optical and X-ray afterglow data obtained from ground-based telescopes and Swift-XRT we confirm the presence of a bump associated with SN2009nz and find evidence of a possible jet break in the afterglow lightcurve. The X-shooter afterglow long-slit spectra reveal several emission lines from the underlying host, from which we derive its integrated properties. These are in agreement with those of previously studied GRB-SN hosts and, more generally, with those of the long GRB host population. We use the Hubble Space Telescope and ground based images of the host to determine its stellar mass (M_star). Our results extend to lower values the M_star and metallicities (Z) derived for the sample of long GRB hosts at 0.3<z<1.0 and confirm the shift of the long GRB host M-Z relation from that found in the emission line galaxy surveys. Thanks to the IFU spectroscopy we can build the 2D velocity, velocity dispersion and star formation rate (SFR) maps. They show that the host galaxy has a perturbed rotation kinematics with evidence of a SFR enhancement consistent with the afterglow position.

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Barkov 2011 用BZ机制解释短暴的延展辐射

主要内容:
NDAF产生暴本身，BZ产生更长但更窄的喷流产生延展辐射。

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Title:		Model of extended emission of short Gamma-ray Bursts
Authors:		Barkov, Maxim V.; Pozanenko, Alexei S.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1103.4246
Publication Date:		03/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		6 pages, 4 figures
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1103.4246B

Abstract

Until now the existence of extended emission is an intriguing property of short bursts. It is not clear what is the nature of the extended emission. It might be a rising x-ray afterglow, or it could be a manifestation of the prolonged activity of a central engine. We consider short duration gamma-ray bursts, emphasizing the common properties of short bursts and short burst with extended emission. Assuming that the extended emission with broad dynamic range is a common property of short bursts, we propose a two jet model which can describe both short main episode of hard spectra emission, specific for short bursts, and softer spectra extended emission by different off axis position of observer. The toy model involves a short duration jet powered by heating due to $\nu\tilde{\nu}$ annihilation and long-lived Blandford-Znajek jet with significantly narrow opening angle. Our proposed model is a plausible mechanism for short duration burst energization, and can explain both short burst with and without extended emission within a single class of progenitor.

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Lemoine 2011 磁化星风的费米加速

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Title:		Gamma-ray bursts afterglows in magnetized stellar winds
Authors:		Lemoine, Martin; Pelletier, Guy
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1103.4823
Publication Date:		03/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		5 pages, 3 figures
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1103.4823L

Abstract

Recent analytical and numerical work have converged to argue that the successful development of relativistic Fermi acceleration requires a weak magnetization of the unshocked plasma, all the more so at high Lorentz factors. The present paper proposes to test this conclusion by computing the afterglow of a gamma-ray burst outflow propagating in a magnetized stellar wind using "ab initio" principles regarding the microphysics of relativistic Fermi acceleration. It is shown that in such magnetized environments, one expects a drop-out in the X-ray band on sub-day scales due to the concomitant inhibition of Fermi acceleration and redshifting of the synchrotron emission of shock heated electrons. At later times, Fermi acceleration becomes operative when the blast Lorentz factor drops below a certain critical value, leading to the recovery of the standard afterglow light curve. Interestingly, the observed drop-out bears resemblance with the fast decay found in gamma-ray bursts early X-ray afterglows.

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Abbasi 2011 2008.4.5到2009.5.20的IceCube的中微子搜寻

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还是没找到和天体事件对应的。

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Title:		Time-Dependent Searches for Point Sources of Neutrinos with the 40-String and 22-String Configurations of IceCube
Authors:		The IceCube Collaboration; Abbasi, R.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1104.0075
Publication Date:		04/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		35 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1104.0075T

Abstract

This paper presents searches for flaring sources of neutrinos using the IceCube neutrino telescope. For the first time, a search is performed over the entire parameter space of energy, direction and time looking for neutrino flares of 20 microseconds to a year duration from astrophysical sources among the atmospheric neutrino and muon backgrounds. Searches which integrate over time are less sensitive to flares because they are affected by a larger background of atmospheric neutrinos and muons that can be reduced by the time constraint. Flaring sources considered here, such as active galactic nuclei, soft gamma-ray repeaters and gamma-ray bursts, are promising candidate neutrino emitters. We used mainly data taken between April 5, 2008 and May 20, 2009 by a partially completed configuration of IceCube with 40 strings. For the presented searches an unbinned maximum likelihood method is used with a time-dependent prior to test several different source hypotheses. An "untriggered" search covers any possible time-dependent emission from sources not correlated to any other observation using other astrophysical messengers such as photons. Moreover, a similar time scan is performed for a predefined catalogue of sources that exhibit intense photon flares. Searches triggered by multi-wavelength information on flares from blazars and soft gamma-ray repeaters are performed using the 40 string data and also the data taken by the previous configuration of 22 strings in operation between May 31, 2007 and April 5, 2008. Flares for which extensive and continuous monitoring is available from Fermi-LAT and SWIFT and flares detected by imaging Cherenkov telescopes with shorter time-scale monitoring are considered. The results from all searches are compatible with a fluctuation of the background.

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Cui 2011 伽马暴和超新星的plateau的比较

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plateau的时标和光度统计图，左上是伽马暴，右下是超新星。 那要发现中间的事例才能把它们连起来啊。

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Title:		Plateaus of gamma-ray bursts and supernovae: A unified correlation?
Authors:		Cui, X. H.; Xu, R. X.; Wei, J. Y.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1104.0080
Publication Date:		04/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		9 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1104.0080C

Abstract

A comparative study of the plateaus in the X-ray afterglow of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and those in type II Plateau supernovae (SNe II-P) shows that both bolometric luminosities, L_{bol}, decrease with the duration of plateau \tau. A unified correlation between L_{bol} and \tau is conjectured in this paper for GRB X-ray afterglows and type II-P supernovae. This may imply a similarity between the dynamic processes to reproduce the plateaus during those two kinds of explosions of GRB afterglow and SNe II-P.

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