Racusin 2008 GRB 080319B的观测

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Title:		GRB 080319B: A Naked-Eye Stellar Blast from the Distant Universe
Authors:		Racusin, J. L.; Karpov, S. V.; Sokolowski, M.; Granot, J.; Wu, X. F.; Pal'shin, V.; Covino, S.; van der Horst, A. J.; Oates, S. R.; Schady, P.; Smith, R. J.; Cummings, J.; Starling, R. L. C.; Piotrowski, L. W.; Zhang, B.; Evans, P. A.; Holland, S. T.; Malek, K.; Page, M. T.; Vetere, L.; Margutti, R.; Guidorzi, C.; Kamble, A.; Curran, P. A.; Beardmore, A.; Kouveliotou, C.; Mankiewicz, L.; Melandri, A.; O'Brien, P. T.; Page, K. L.; Piran, T.; Tanvir, N. R.; Wrochna, G.; Aptekar, R. L.; Bartolini, C.; Barthelmy, S.; Beskin, G. M.; Bondar, S.; Campana, S.; Cucchiara, A.; Cwiok, M.; D'Avanzo, P.; D'Elia, V.; Della Valle, M.; Dominik, W.; Falcone, A.; Fiore, F.; Fox, D. B.; Frederiks, D. D.; Fruchter, A. S.; Fugazza, D.; Garrett, M.; Gehrels, N.; Golenetskii, S.; Gomboc, A.; Greco, G.; Guarnieri, A.; Immler, S.; Kasprowicz, G.; Levan, A. J.; Mazets, E. P.; Molinari, E.; Moretti, A.; Nawrocki, K.; Oleynik, P. P.; Osborne, J. P.; Pagani, C.; Paragi, Z.; Perri, M.; Piccioni, A.; Ramirez-Ruiz, E.; Roming, P. W. A.; Steele, I. A.; Strom, R. G.; Testa, V.; Tosti, G.; Ulanov, M. V.; Wiersema, K.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.; Zarnecki, A. F.; Zerbi, F.; Meszaros, P.; Chincarini, G.; Burrows, D. N.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:0805.1557
Publication Date:		05/2008
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics
Comment:		43 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Nature May 11, 2008
Bibliographic Code:		2008arXiv0805.1557R

Abstract

Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) release copious amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and so provide a window into the process of black hole formation from the collapse of a massive star. Over the last forty years, our understanding of the GRB phenomenon has progressed dramatically; nevertheless, fortuitous circumstances occasionally arise that provide access to a regime not yet probed. GRB 080319B presented such an opportunity, with extraordinarily bright prompt optical emission that peaked at a visual magnitude of 5.3, making it briefly visible with the naked eye. It was captured in exquisite detail by wide-field telescopes, imaging the burst location from before the time of the explosion. The combination of these unique optical data with simultaneous gamma-ray observations provides powerful diagnostics of the detailed physics of this explosion within seconds of its formation. Here we show that the prompt optical and gamma-ray emissions from this event likely arise from different spectral components within the same physical region located at a large distance from the source, implying an extremely relativistic outflow. The chromatic behaviour of the broadband afterglow is consistent with viewing the GRB down the very narrow inner core of a two-component jet that is expanding into a wind-like environment consistent with the massive star origin of long GRBs. These circumstances can explain the extreme properties of this GRB.

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