Bromberg 2011 光球层内的辐射中介激波的辐射

主要内容:
应该算是内激波的一种补充形式。在光球层处，利用光子作为中介进行无碰撞加速，可以得到幂律的形式的谱，直到KN极限。之后应该是指数下降，如果这样的话，就应该可以解释多数的GBM暴了。

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Title:		Sub-Photospheric Emission from Relativistic Radiation Mediated Shocks in GRBs
Authors:		Bromberg, Omer; Mikolitzky, Ziv; Levinson, Amir
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1101.4232
Publication Date:		01/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		27 pages, 5 figures
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1101.4232B

Abstract

It is proposed that the prompt emission observed in bursts that exhibit a thermal component originates from relativistic radiation mediated shocks that form below the photosphere of the GRB outflow. It is argue that such shocks are expected to form in luminous bursts via collisions of shells that propagate with moderate Lorentz factors $\Gamma\lesssim 500$. Faster shells will collide above the photosphere to form collisionless shocks. We demonstrate that in events like GRB 090902B a substantial fraction of the explosion energy is dissipated below the photosphere, in a region of moderate optical depth $\tau\lesssim300$, whereas in GRB 080916C the major fraction of the energy dissipates above the photosphere. We show that under conditions anticipated in many GRBs, such relativistic radiation mediated shocks convect enough radiation upstream to render photon production in the shock transition negligible, unlike the case of shock breakout in supernovae. The resulting spectrum, as measured in the shock frame, has a relatively low thermal peak, followed by a broad, nonthermal component extending up to the KN limit.

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