Paragi 2010 从Ic型超新星 2007gr出来一个中等相对论性的射电喷流

主要内容:
也就是说可能是对着别处的喷流
不过文章没说那个喷流是伽马暴，而是中等相对论性的。
类似的还有一个Soderberg等观测的，文中参考文献9.

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Title:		A mildly relativistic radio jet from the otherwise normal type Ic supernova 2007gr
Authors:		Paragi, Z.; Taylor, G. B.; Kouveliotou, C.; Granot, J.; Ramirez-Ruiz, E.; Bietenholz, M.; van der Horst, A. J.; Pidopryhora, Y.; van Langevelde, H. J.; Garrett, M. A.; Szomoru, A.; Argo, M. K.; Bourke, S.; Paczyński, B.
Affiliation:		AA(Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands), AB(University of New Mexico, Department of Physics and Astronomy, MSC07 4220, 800 Yale Blvd NE Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA), AC(Space Science Office, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 38512, USA), AD(Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK), AE(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA), AF(Hartebeesthoek Radio Observatory, PO Box 443, Krugersdorp, 1740, South Africa), AG(Space Science Office, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 38512, USA), AH(Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands), AI(Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands), AJ(Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands), AK(Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands), AL(Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia), AM(Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands), AN(Deceased.)
Publication:		Nature, Volume 463, Issue 7280, pp. 516-518 (2010). (Nature Homepage)
Publication Date:		01/2010
Origin:		NATURE
DOI:		10.1038/nature08713
Bibliographic Code:		2010Natur.463..516P

Abstract

The class of type Ic supernovae have drawn increasing attention since 1998 owing to their sparse association (only four so far) with long duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs). Although both phenomena originate from the core collapse of a massive star, supernovae emit mostly at optical wavelengths, whereas GRBs emit mostly in soft γ-rays or hard X-rays. Though the GRB central engine generates ultra-relativistic jets, which beam the early emission into a narrow cone, no relativistic outflows have hitherto been found in type Ib/c supernovae explosions, despite theoretical expectations and searches. Here we report radio (interferometric) observations that reveal a mildly relativistic expansion in a nearby type Ic supernova, SN 2007gr. Using two observational epochs 60days apart, we detect expansion of the source and establish a conservative lower limit for the average apparent expansion velocity of 0.6c. Independently, a second mildly relativistic supernova has been reported. Contrary to the radio data, optical observations of SN 2007gr indicate a typical type Ic supernova with ejecta velocities ~6,000kms^-1, much lower than in GRB-associated supernovae. We conclude that in SN 2007gr a small fraction of the ejecta produced a low-energy mildly relativistic bipolar radio jet, while the bulk of the ejecta were slower and, as shown by optical spectropolarimetry, mildly aspherical.

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