McBreen, S. 2010 4个LAT暴的余辉观测

主要内容:
GRB 090323, GRB 090328, GRB 090510 and GRB 090902B
余辉，红移，宿主星系

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Title:		Optical and near-infrared follow-up observations of four Fermi/LAT GRBs: redshifts, afterglows, energetics, and host galaxies
Authors:		McBreen, S.; Krühler, T.; Rau, A.; Greiner, J.; Kann, D. A.; Savaglio, S.; Afonso, P.; Clemens, C.; Filgas, R.; Klose, S.; Küpcü Yoldaş, A.; Olivares E., F.; Rossi, A.; Szokoly, G. P.; Updike, A.; Yoldaş, A.
Affiliation:		AA(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland Sheila.McBreen@ucd.ie ; Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AB(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany ; Universe Cluster, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany), AC(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AD(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AE(Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany), AF(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AG(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AH(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AI(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AJ(Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany), AK(European Southern Observatory, 85748 Garching, Germany), AL(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany), AM(Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany), AN(Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary), AO(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA), AP(Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany)
Publication:		Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 516, id.A71 (A&A Homepage)
Publication Date:		06/2010
Origin:		EDP Sciences
Keywords:		gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 090323, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 090328, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 090510, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 090902B
DOI:		10.1051/0004-6361/200913734
Bibliographic Code:		2010A&A...516A..71M

Abstract

Aims: Fermi can measure the spectral properties of gamma-ray bursts over a very large energy range and is opening a new window on the prompt emission of these energetic events. Localizations by the instruments on Fermi in combination with follow-up by Swift provide accurate positions for observations at longer wavelengths leading to the determination of redshifts, the true energy budget, host galaxy properties and facilitate comparison with pre-Fermi bursts.
Methods: Multi-wavelength follow-up observations were performed on the afterglows of four bursts with high energy emission detected by Fermi/LAT: GRB 090323, GRB 090328, GRB 090510 and GRB 090902B. They were obtained in the optical/near-infrared bands with GROND mounted at the MPG/ESO 2.2 m telescope and additionally of GRB 090323 in the optical with the 2 m telescope in Tautenburg, Germany. Three of the events are classified as long bursts while GRB 090510 is a well localized short GRB with GeV emission. In addition, host galaxies were detected for three of the four bursts. Spectroscopic follow-up was initiated with the VLT for GRB 090328 and GRB 090510.
Results: The afterglow observations in 7 bands are presented for all bursts and their host galaxies are investigated. Knowledge of the distance and the local dust extinction enables comparison of the afterglows of LAT-detected GRBs with the general sample. The spectroscopic redshifts of GRB 090328 and GRB 090510 were determined to be z = 0.7354 ± 0.0003 and z = 0.903 ± 0.001 and dust corrected star-formation rates of 4.8 M_ȯ yr^-1 and 0.60 M_ȯ yr^-1 were derived for their host galaxies, respectively.
Conclusions: The afterglows of long bursts exhibit power-law decay indices (α) from less than 1 to ~2.3 and spectral indices (β_opt) values from 0.65 to ~1.2 which are fairly standard for GRB afterglows. Constraints are placed on the jet half opening angles of ⪉2.1° to ⪆6.4°, which allows limits to be placed on the beaming corrected energies. These range from ⪉5 × 10⁵⁰ erg to the one of the highest values ever recorded, ⪆2.2 × 10⁵² erg for GRB 090902B, and are not consistent with a standard candle. The extremely energetic long Fermi bursts have optical afterglows which lie in the top half of the brightness distribution of all optical afterglows detected in the Swift era or even in the top 5% if incompleteness is considered. The properties of the host galaxies of these LAT detected bursts in terms of extinction, star formation rates and masses do not appear to differ from previous samples. Based on observations made with the ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatories under programme ID 083.D-0903 and 283.D-5059, the MPG/ESO 2.2 m Telescope at La Silla Observatory and the Schmidt telescope of the Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg.