Woosley, S. E. 2011 长伽马暴的可能坍缩星模型

主要内容:
以超长暴 110328A-Sw 1644+57为出发点，看有哪些可以产生这么长暴的坍缩星模型：blue supergiants with low mass loss rates, tidally-interacting binaries involving either helium stars or giant stars, and the collapse to a black hole of very massive pair-instability supernovae.

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Title:		Long Gamma-Ray Transients from Collapsars
Authors:		Woosley, S. E.; heger, Alexander
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1110.3842
Publication Date:		10/2011
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		submitted to Astrophysical Journal
Bibliographic Code:		2011arXiv1110.3842W

Abstract

In the collapsar model for common gamma-ray bursts, the formation of a centrifugally supported disk occurs during the first $\sim$10 seconds following the collapse of the iron core in a massive star. This only occurs in a small fraction of massive stellar deaths, however, and requires unusual conditions. A much more frequent occurrence could be the death of a star that makes a black hole and a weak or absent outgoing shock, but in a progenitor that only has enough angular momentum in its outermost layers to make a disk. We consider several cases where this is likely to occur - blue supergiants with low mass loss rates, tidally-interacting binaries involving either helium stars or giant stars, and the collapse to a black hole of very massive pair-instability supernovae. These events have in common the accretion of a solar mass or so of material through a disk over a period much longer than the duration of a common gamma-ray burst. A broad range of powers is possible, $10^{47}$ to $10^{50}\,$erg s$^{-1}$, and this brightness could be enhanced by beaming. Such events were probably more frequent in the early universe where mass loss rates were lower. Indeed this could be one of the most common forms of gamma-ray transients in the universe and could be used to study first generation stars. Several events could be active in the sky at any one time. A recent example of this sort of event may have been the SWIFT transient Sw-1644+57.

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