Xu, M. 2011 失败的伽马暴的模型

主要内容:
当内激波的半径在光球层里边的时候，就看不到伽马暴本身了。不过可以看到热的紫外或者软x射线。

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Title:		Failed Gamma-Ray Bursts: Thermal Ultraviolet/Soft X-Ray Emission Accompanied by Peculiar Afterglows
Authors:		Xu, M.; Nagataki, S.; Huang, Y. F.; Lee, S.-H.
Affiliation:		AA(Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China ; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ; Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; hyf@nju.edu.cn), AB(Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ), AC(Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China ), AD(Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan )
Publication:		The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 746, Issue 1, article id. 49 (2012). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:		02/2012
Origin:		IOP
Astronomy Keywords:		gamma-ray burst: general, radiation mechanisms: thermal
DOI:		10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/49
Bibliographic Code:		2012ApJ...746...49X

Abstract

We show that the photospheres of "failed" gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), whose bulk Lorentz factors are much lower than 100, can be outside of internal shocks. The resulting radiation from the photospheres is thermal and bright in the UV/soft X-ray band. The photospheric emission lasts for about 1000 s with a luminosity about several times 10⁴⁶ erg s^–1. These events can be observed by current and future satellites. It is also shown that the afterglows of failed GRBs are peculiar at the early stage, which makes it possible to distinguish failed GRBs from ordinary GRBs and beaming-induced orphan afterglows.

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