伽玛暴(Gamma-Ray Burst)笔记。记录有关伽玛暴的新文章,另外也包括看的老文章、自己的想法、以及跟天文相关的一些东西。 Feel free to leave me a message by comments or by email.

星期日, 二月 09, 2014

Nakauchi 2013 Blue Supergiant Model for Ultra-long Gamma-Ray Burst with Superluminous-supernova-like Bump

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Title:
Blue Supergiant Model for Ultra-long Gamma-Ray Burst with Superluminous-supernova-like Bump
Authors:
Nakauchi, Daisuke; Kashiyama, Kazumi; Suwa, Yudai; Nakamura, Takashi
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan), AB(Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Center for Particle & Gravitational Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA), AC(Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan), AD(Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 778, Issue 1, article id. 67, 11 pp. (2013). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
11/2013
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
gamma-ray burst: general, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 111209A GRB 101225A GRB121027A
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/67
Bibliographic Code:
2013ApJ...778...67N

Abstract

Long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) have a typical duration of ~30 s, and some of them are associated with hypernovae, such as Type Ic SN 1998bw. Wolf-Rayet stars are the most plausible LGRB progenitors, since the free fall time of the envelope is consistent with the duration, and the natural outcome of the progenitor is a Type Ic SN. While a new population of ultra-long GRBs (ULGRBs), GRB 111209A, GRB 101225A, and GRB 121027A, has a duration of ~104 s, two of them are accompanied by superluminous-supernova-like (SLSN-like) bumps, which are <~ 10 times brighter than typical hypernovae. Wolf-Rayet progenitors cannot explain ULGRBs because of durations that are too long and SN-like bumps that are too bright. A blue supergiant (BSG) progenitor model, however, can explain the duration of ULGRBs. Moreover, SLSN-like bumps can be attributed to the so-called cocoon fireball photospheric emissions (CFPEs). Since a large cocoon is inevitably produced during the relativistic jet piercing though the BSG envelope, this component can be smoking gun evidence of the BSG model for ULGRBs. In this paper, we examine u-, g-, r-, i-, and J-band light curves of three ULGRBs and demonstrate that they can be fitted quite well by our BSG model with the appropriate choices of the jet opening angle and the number density of the ambient gas. In addition, we predict that for 121027A, SLSN-like bump could have been observed for ~20-80 days after the burst. We also propose that some SLSNe might be CFPEs of off-axis ULGRBs without visible prompt emissions.

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Atwood 2013 对LAT高能辐射光子的重新分析

主要内容:
由于更新了光子重建的程序,导致伽马暴的LAT光子也要重新分析。
看来最可靠的LAT的结果得等他们的最终catalog了,鬼知道什么时候他们又重新reconstruction一把。

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Title:
New Fermi-LAT Event Reconstruction Reveals More High-energy Gamma Rays from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors:
Atwood, W. B.; Baldini, L.; Bregeon, J.; Bruel, P.; Chekhtman, A.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Granot, J.; Longo, F.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzaque, S.; Rochester, L. S.; Sgrò, C.; Tinivella, M.; Usher, T. L.; Zimmer, S.
Affiliation:
AA(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA melissa.pesce.rollins@pi.infn.it), ...
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 774, Issue 1, article id. 76, 6 pp. (2013). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/2013
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
astroparticle physics, cosmology: observations, gamma rays: general, methods: data analysis
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/76
Bibliographic Code:
2013ApJ...774...76A

Abstract

Based on the experience gained during the four and a half years of the mission, the Fermi-LAT Collaboration has undertaken a comprehensive revision of the event-level analysis going under the name of Pass 8. Although it is not yet finalized, we can test the improvements in the new event reconstruction with the special case of the prompt phase of bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), where the signal-to-noise ratio is large enough that loose selection cuts are sufficient to identify gamma rays associated with the source. Using the new event reconstruction, we have re-analyzed 10 GRBs previously detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) for which an X-ray/optical follow-up was possible and found four new gamma rays with energies greater than 10 GeV in addition to the seven previously known. Among these four is a 27.4 GeV gamma ray from GRB 080916C, which has a redshift of 4.35, thus making it the gamma ray with the highest intrinsic energy (~147 GeV) detected from a GRB. We present here the salient aspects of the new event reconstruction and discuss the scientific implications of these new high-energy gamma rays, such as constraining extragalactic background light models, Lorentz invariance violation tests, the prompt emission mechanism, and the bulk Lorentz factor of the emitting region.

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Beloborodov 2013 GeV辐射的来源:星风环境下的外康普顿散射

主要内容:
种子光子是瞬时辐射的MeV光子。

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Title:
On the origin of GeV emission in gamma-ray bursts
Authors:
Beloborodov, Andrei M.; Hascoet, Romain; Vurm, Indrek
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1307.2663
Publication Date:
07/2013
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:
20 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ
Bibliographic Code:
2013arXiv1307.2663B

Abstract

The most common progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are massive stars with strong stellar winds. We show that the GRB blast wave in the wind should emit a bright GeV flash. It is produced by inverse Compton cooling of the thermal plasma behind the forward shock wave. The main part of the flash is shaped by scattering of the prompt MeV radiation (emitted at smaller radii) which streams through the external blast wave. The inverse-Compton flash is bright due to the huge e+- enrichment of the external medium. At late times, the blast wave switches to normal synchrotron-self-Compton cooling. The mechanism is demonstrated by a detailed transfer simulation. The observed prompt MeV radiation is taken as an input of the simulation; we use GRB 080916C as an example. The result reproduces the GeV flash observed by the Fermi telescope. It explains the delayed onset, the steep rise, the peak flux, the time of the peak, the long smooth decline, and the spectral slope of GeV emission. The wind density required to reproduce all these features is typical of Wolf-Rayet stars. Our simulation predicts strong TeV emission 1 min after the burst trigger; then a cutoff in the observed high-energy spectrum is expected from absorption by extragalactic background light. In addition, a bright optical counterpart of the GeV flash is predicted for plausible values of the magnetic field; such a double (optical+GeV) flash has been observed in GRB 130427A.

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Nissanke 2013 Determining the Hubble constant from gravitational wave observations of merging compact binaries

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Title:
Determining the Hubble constant from gravitational wave observations of merging compact binaries
Authors:
Nissanke, Samaya; Holz, Daniel E.; Dalal, Neal; Hughes, Scott A.; Sievers, Jonathan L.; Hirata, Christopher M.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1307.2638
Publication Date:
07/2013
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Comment:
To be submitted to ApJ, 8 pages in emulateapj format, 1 table, 2 figures
Bibliographic Code:
2013arXiv1307.2638N

Abstract

Recent observations have accumulated compelling evidence that some short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are associated with the mergers of neutron star (NS) binaries. This would indicate that the SGRB event is associated with a gravitational-wave (GW) signal corresponding to the final inspiral of the compact binary. In addition, the radioactive decay of elements produced in NS binary mergers may result in transients visible in the optical and infrared with peak luminosities on hours-days timescales. Simultaneous observations of the inspiral GWs and signatures in the electromagnetic band may allow us to directly and independently determine both the luminosity distance and redshift to a binary. These standard sirens (the GW analog of standard candles) have the potential to provide an accurate measurement of the low-redshift Hubble flow. In addition, these systems are absolutely calibrated by general relativity, and therefore do not experience the same set of astrophysical systematics found in traditional standard candles, nor do the measurements rely on a distance ladder. We show that 15 observable GW and EM events should allow the Hubble constant to be measured with 5% precision using a network of detectors that includes advanced LIGO and Virgo. Measuring 30 beamed GW-SGRB events could constrain H_0 to better than 1%. When comparing to standard Gaussian likelihood analysis, we find that each event's non-Gaussian posterior in H_0 helps reduce the overall measurement errors in H_0 for an ensemble of NS binary mergers.

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Grossman 2013 The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants - II. Radioactively powered transients

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Title:
The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants - II. Radioactively powered transients
Authors:
Grossman, Doron; Korobkin, Oleg; Rosswog, Stephan; Piran, Tsvi
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1307.2943
Publication Date:
07/2013
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:
14 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, accepted to MNRAS; doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2503
Bibliographic Code:
2013arXiv1307.2943G

Abstract

We use 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the long-term evolution of neutron star merger ejecta to predict the light curves of electromagnetic transients that are powered by the decay of freshly produced r-process nuclei. For the dynamic ejecta that are launched by tidal and hydrodynamic interaction, we adopt grey opacities of 10 cm$^2$/g, as suggested by recent studies. For our reference case of a 1.3-1.4 $M_\odot$ merger, we find a broad IR peak 2-4 d after the merger. The peak luminosity is $\approx 2\times 10^{40}$ erg/s for an average orientation, but increased by up to a factor of 4 for more favourable binary parameters and viewing angles. These signals are rather weak and hardly detectable within the large error box (~100 deg$^2$) of a gravitational wave trigger. A second electromagnetic transient results from neutrino-driven winds. These winds produce `weak' r-process material with $50 < A < 130$ and abundance patterns that vary substantially between different merger cases. For an adopted opacity of 1 cm$^2$/g, the resulting transients peak in the UV/optical about 6 h after the merger with a luminosity of $\approx 10^{41}$ erg/s (for a wind of 0.01 $M_\odot$) These signals are marginally detectable in deep follow-up searches (e.g. using Hypersuprime camera on Subaru). A subsequent detection of the weaker but longer lasting IR signal would allow an identification of the merger event. We briefly discuss the implications of our results to the recent detection of an nIR transient accompanying GRB 130603B.

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Winter 2013 Photohadronic origin of the TeV-PeV neutrinos observed in IceCube

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Title:
Photohadronic origin of the TeV-PeV neutrinos observed in IceCube
Authors:
Winter, Walter
Affiliation:
AA(Institut für theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany)
Publication:
Physical Review D, vol. 88, Issue 8, id. 083007 (PhRvD Homepage)
Publication Date:
10/2013
Origin:
APS
PACS Keywords:
Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particles, cosmic rays, Cosmic rays
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.88.083007
Bibliographic Code:
2013PhRvD..88h3007W

Abstract

We perform an unbiased search of the origin of the recently observed 28 events above ˜30TeV in the IceCube neutrino observatory, assuming that these are (apart from the atmospheric background) of astrophysical origin produced by photohadronic interactions. Instead of relying on the normalization of the neutrino flux, we demonstrate that spectral shape and flavor composition can be used to constrain or identify the source class. In order to quantify our observations, we use a model where the target photons are produced by the synchrotron emission of coaccelerated electrons, and we include magnetic field effects on the secondary muons, pions, and kaons. We find that the lack of observed events with energies much larger than PeV points towards sources with strong magnetic fields, which do not exhibit a direct correlation between highest cosmic ray and neutrino energies. While the simplest active galactic nuclei models with efficient proton acceleration plausibly describe the current data at about the 3σ confidence level, we show that IceCube can rule out that the observed neutrinos stem from the sources of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with a factor of 10 increased statistics at more than 5σ if the current observations are confirmed. A possible caveat are sources with strong magnetic fields and high Lorentz factors, such as magnetic energy dominated gamma-ray bursts.

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Takami 2013 High-Energy Radiation from Remnants of Neutron Star Binary Mergers

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Title:
High-Energy Radiation from Remnants of Neutron Star Binary Mergers
Authors:
Takami, Hajime; Kyutoku, Koutarou; Ioka, Kunihito
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1307.6805
Publication Date:
07/2013
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:
14 pages, 5 figures
Bibliographic Code:
2013arXiv1307.6805T

Abstract

We study high-energy emission from the mergers of neutron star binaries as electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves aside from short gamma-ray bursts. The mergers entail significant mass ejection, which interacts with the surrounding medium to produce similar but brighter remnants than supernova remnants in a few years. We show that electrons accelerated in the remnants can produce synchrotron radiation in X-rays detectable at $\sim 100$ Mpc by current generation telescopes and inverse Compton emission in gamma rays detectable by the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescopes and the Cherenkov Telescope Array under favorable conditions. The remnants may have already appeared in high-energy surveys such as the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image and the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescope as unidentified sources. We also suggest that the merger remnants could be the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays beyond the knee energy, $\sim 10^{15}$ eV, in the cosmic-ray spectrum.

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Laskar 2013 高红移暴GRB 120521C的观测

主要内容:
photometric 红移是6.

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Title:
GRB 120521C at z ~ 6 and the Properties of High-redshift γ-Ray Bursts
Authors:
Laskar, Tanmoy; Berger, Edo; Tanvir, Nial; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Margutti, Raffaella; Levan, Andrew; Perley, Daniel; Fong, Wen-fai; Wiersema, Klaas; Menten, Karl; Hrudkova, Marie
Affiliation:
AA(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AB(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AC(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK), AD(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AE(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AF(Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK), AG(Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), AH(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AI(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK), AJ(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany), AK(Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-387 00 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 781, Issue 1, article id. 1, 24 pp. (2014). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2014
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
gamma-ray burst: general, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 120521C GRB 050904 GRB 090423
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/1
Bibliographic Code:
2014ApJ...781....1L

Abstract

We present optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of the afterglow of GRB 120521C. By modeling the multi-wavelength data set, we derive a photometric redshift of z ≈ 6.0, which we confirm with a low signal-to-noise ratio spectrum of the afterglow. We find that a model with a constant-density environment provides a good fit to the afterglow data, with an inferred density of n <~ 0.05 cm–3. The radio observations reveal the presence of a jet break at t jet ≈ 7 d, corresponding to a jet opening angle of θjet ≈ 3°. The beaming-corrected γ-ray and kinetic energies are E γ ≈ EK ≈ 3 × 1050 erg. We quantify the uncertainties in our results using a detailed Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, which allows us to uncover degeneracies between the physical parameters of the explosion. To compare GRB 120521C to other high-redshift bursts in a uniform manner we re-fit all available afterglow data for the two other bursts at z >~ 6 with radio detections (GRBs 050904 and 090423). We find a jet break at t jet ≈ 15 d for GRB 090423, in contrast to previous work. Based on these three events, we find that γ-ray bursts (GRBs) at z >~ 6 appear to explode in constant-density environments, and exhibit a wide range of energies and densities that span the range inferred for lower redshift bursts. On the other hand, we find a hint for narrower jets in the z >~ 6 bursts, potentially indicating a larger true event rate at these redshifts. Overall, our results indicate that long GRBs share a common progenitor population at least to z ~ 8.

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Kawanaka 2013 超吸积中的一种新的不稳定性可能作为伽马暴的中心引擎

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Title:
The Discovery of a New Instability in a Hyperaccretion Flow and its Implication for Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors:
Kawanaka, Norita; Mineshige, Shin; Piran, Tsvi
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan norita@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp), AB(Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan), AC(Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 777, Issue 1, article id. L15, 5 pp. (2013). (ApJL Homepage)
Publication Date:
11/2013
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
accretion, accretion disks, black hole physics, gamma-ray burst: general, neutrinos
DOI:
10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L15
Bibliographic Code:
2013ApJ...777L..15K

Abstract

A hyperaccretion flow around a stellar mass black hole is thought to be the most plausible engine that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The flow efficiently cools via neutrino emission at >~ 0.003-0.01 M s–1 (corresponding to a luminosity of ~1050 erg s–1), while neither neutrino nor photon emission is efficient below this rate, so the flow should be advection-dominated. We carefully solve how a transition occurs from the advection-dominated to the neutrino-dominated branches, and find that the slope of the thermal equilibrium curve is negative in the surface density-accretion rate (Σ-\dot{M}) plane, a condition for viscous instability, at radii smaller than ~12 R g (with R g being the gravitational radius). We also confirm that the flow is thermally stable. The consequence of this instability is the formation of a clumpy structure in the flow. This is because the larger (respectively smaller) surface density is, the smaller (respectively larger) the mass accretion rate from the region in question becomes, leading to growth of the density contrast. The timescale for clump formation is estimated to be shorter than 0.1 s. The observational implication is discussed in the context of GRBs. We suggest that this might explain the origin of the large variability observed in the prompt emission of GRBs.

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