Gao, He 2013 一个完整的外激波各种情形下的同步辐射公式

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Title:		A complete reference of the analytical synchrotron external shock models of gamma-ray bursts
Authors:		Gao, He; Lei, Wei-Hua; Zou, Yuan-Chuan; Wu, Xue-Feng; Zhang, Bing
Affiliation:		AA(Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4002, USA), AB(School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4002, USA), AC(School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China), AD(Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China), AE(Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4002, USA; Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
Publication:		New Astronomy Reviews, Volume 57, Issue 6, p. 141-190. (NewAR Homepage)
Publication Date:		12/2013
Origin:		ELSEVIER
Abstract Copyright:		Elsevier B.V.
DOI:		10.1016/j.newar.2013.10.001
Bibliographic Code:		2013NewAR..57..141G

Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts are most luminous explosions in the universe. Their ejecta are believed to move towards Earth with a relativistic speed. The interaction between this "relativistic jet" and a circumburst medium drives a pair of (forward and reverse) shocks. The electrons accelerated in these shocks radiate synchrotron emission to power the broad-band afterglow of GRBs. The external shock theory is an elegant theory, since it invokes a limit number of model parameters, and has well predicted spectral and temporal properties. On the other hand, depending on many factors (e.g. the energy content, ambient density profile, collimation of the ejecta, forward vs. reverse shock dynamics, and synchrotron spectral regimes), there is a wide variety of the models. These models have distinct predictions on the afterglow decaying indices, the spectral indices, and the relations between them (the so-called "closure relations"), which have been widely used to interpret the rich multi-wavelength afterglow observations. This review article provides a complete reference of all the analytical synchrotron external shock afterglow models by deriving the temporal and spectral indices of all the models in all spectral regimes, including some regimes that have not been published before. The review article is designated to serve as a useful tool for afterglow observers to quickly identify relevant models to interpret their data. The limitations of the analytical models are reviewed, with a list of situations summarized when numerical treatments are needed.

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