Fraija 2014 伽马暴火球中的中微子

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一个超级详细的理论分析，看不懂。。。

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Title:		Propogation and Neutrino Oscillations in the base of a highly magnetized gamma-ray burst fireball flow
Authors:		Fraija, Nissim
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1401.1581
Publication Date:		01/2014
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Comment:		63 pages, 13 figures, Submitted ApJ
Bibliographic Code:		2014arXiv1401.1581F

Abstract

Neutrons play an important role in the dynamics of gamma-ray bursts. The presence of neutrons among the baryon-loaded ejecta is expected in GRB fireball. If the neutrons abundance is comparable to that of protons, important features may be observed such as quasi-thermal multi-GeV neutrinos in coincidence with a subphotospheric $\gamma$-ray emission, nucleosynthesis at later times and rebrightening of the afterglow emission. Additionally, thermal MeV neutrinos are created by electron-positron annihilation, electron (positron) capture on protons (neutrons) and nucleonic bremsstrahlung. Although MeV neutrinos are difficult to detect, quasi-thermal GeV neutrinos are expected in km$^3$ detectors and/or DeepCore+IceCube. In this paper, we show that neutrino oscillations have outstanding implications in the dynamics of the fireball evolution and also that they can be detected through their flavor ratio on Earth. For that we derive the resonance and charged-neutrality conditions as well as the neutrino self-energy and effective potential up to order $m_W^{-4}$ at strong, moderate and weak magnetic field approximation to constrain the dynamics of the fireball. We found important implications: i) resonant oscillations are suppressed for high baryon densities as well as neutrons abundance larger that of protons, ii) Heavy nuclei formed by nucleosynthesis can be in the composition of UHECRs from GRBs only for a restricted baryon densities, iii) The effect of magnetic field is to decreased the proton-to-neutron ratio aside from the number of neutrinos expected in km$^3$ detector. Also we estimate the GeV neutrino favor ratios along the jet and on Earth.

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