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| Title: |
| Induced Gravitational Collapse in the BATSE era: the case of GRB 970828 |
| Authors: |
| Ruffini, R.; Izzo, L.; Muccino, M.; Rueda, Jorge A.; Barbarino, C.; Bianco, C. L.; Dereli, H.; Enderli, M.; Penacchioni, A. V.; Pisani, G. B.; Wang, Y. |
| Publication: |
| eprint arXiv:1311.7432 |
| Publication Date: |
| 11/2013 |
| Origin: |
| ARXIV |
| Keywords: |
| Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics |
| Comment: |
| 11 pages, 15 figures, submitted to A&A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1205.6651 |
| Bibliographic Code: |
| 2013arXiv1311.7432R |
Abstract
Following the recently established "Induced Gravitational Collapse"
(IGC) paradigm, we here interpret GRB 970828 in terms of the four
episodes typical of such a paradigm. The "Episode 1", up to 40 s after
the trigger time t_0, with a time varying thermal emission and a total
energy of E_
{iso,1st} = 2.60x10^
{53} erg, is interpreted as due to the
onset of a supernova Ib/c in a tight binary system with a companion
neutron star. The "Episode 2", observed up t_0+90 s, is interpreted as a
canonical gamma ray burst, with an energy of E^
{e^+e^-
}_
{tot} =
1.60x10^
{53} erg, a baryon load of B = 7x10^
{-3} and a bulk Lorentz
factor at transparency of \Gamma = 142.5. From this Episode 2, we infer
that the GRB exploded in an environment with a large average particle
density <n> ~ 10^3 particles/cm^3 and dense clouds characterized
by typical dimensions of (4 - 8
)x10^
{14} cm and \delta n / n ~ 10. The
"Episode 3" is identified from t_0+90
s all the way up to 10^
{5-6} s:
despite the paucity of the early X-ray data,
typical in the BATSE,
pre-Swift era, we find extremely significant data points in the late
X-ray afterglow emission of GRB 970828, which corresponds to the ones
observed in all IGC GRBs-SNe sources. The "Episode 4", related to the
Supernova emission, does not appear to be
observable in this source, due
to the presence of darkening from the large density of the GRB
environment, also inferred from the analysis of the Episode 2.
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