Trippe 2014 关于偏振的综述

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Title:		Polarization and Polarimetry: A Review
Authors:		Trippe, S.
Publication:		eprint arXiv:1401.1911
Publication Date:		01/2014
Origin:		ARXIV
Keywords:		Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Comment:		25 pages, 5 figures; review article, to appear in JKAS (received 30 August 2013; revised 17 December 2013; accepted 28 December 2013)
Bibliographic Code:		2014arXiv1401.1911T

Abstract

Polarization is a basic property of light and is fundamentally linked to the internal geometry of a source of radiation. Polarimetry complements photometric, spectroscopic, and imaging analyses of sources of radiation and has made possible multiple astrophysical discoveries. In this article I review (i) the physical basics of polarization: electromagnetic waves, photons, and parameterizations; (ii) astrophysical sources of polarization: scattering, synchrotron radiation, active media, and the Zeeman, Goldreich-Kylafis, and Hanle effects, as well as interactions between polarization and matter (like birefringence, Faraday rotation, or the Chandrasekhar-Fermi effect); (iii) observational methodology: on-sky geometry, influence of atmosphere and instrumental polarization, polarization statistics, and observational techniques for radio, optical, and X/gamma wavelengths; and (iv) science cases for astronomical polarimetry: solar and stellar physics, planetary system bodies, interstellar matter, astrobiology, astronomical masers, pulsars, galactic magnetic fields, gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, and cosmic microwave background radiation.

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