Laskar 2013 高红移暴GRB 120521C的观测

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photometric 红移是6.

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Title:		GRB 120521C at z ~ 6 and the Properties of High-redshift γ-Ray Bursts
Authors:		Laskar, Tanmoy; Berger, Edo; Tanvir, Nial; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Margutti, Raffaella; Levan, Andrew; Perley, Daniel; Fong, Wen-fai; Wiersema, Klaas; Menten, Karl; Hrudkova, Marie
Affiliation:		AA(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AB(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AC(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK), AD(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AE(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AF(Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK), AG(Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), AH(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AI(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK), AJ(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany), AK(Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-387 00 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)
Publication:		The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 781, Issue 1, article id. 1, 24 pp. (2014). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:		01/2014
Origin:		IOP
Astronomy Keywords:		gamma-ray burst: general, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 120521C GRB 050904 GRB 090423
DOI:		10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/1
Bibliographic Code:		2014ApJ...781....1L

Abstract

We present optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of the afterglow of GRB 120521C. By modeling the multi-wavelength data set, we derive a photometric redshift of z ≈ 6.0, which we confirm with a low signal-to-noise ratio spectrum of the afterglow. We find that a model with a constant-density environment provides a good fit to the afterglow data, with an inferred density of n <~ 0.05 cm^–3. The radio observations reveal the presence of a jet break at t _jet ≈ 7 d, corresponding to a jet opening angle of θ_jet ≈ 3°. The beaming-corrected γ-ray and kinetic energies are E _γ ≈ E_K ≈ 3 × 10⁵⁰ erg. We quantify the uncertainties in our results using a detailed Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, which allows us to uncover degeneracies between the physical parameters of the explosion. To compare GRB 120521C to other high-redshift bursts in a uniform manner we re-fit all available afterglow data for the two other bursts at z >~ 6 with radio detections (GRBs 050904 and 090423). We find a jet break at t _jet ≈ 15 d for GRB 090423, in contrast to previous work. Based on these three events, we find that γ-ray bursts (GRBs) at z >~ 6 appear to explode in constant-density environments, and exhibit a wide range of energies and densities that span the range inferred for lower redshift bursts. On the other hand, we find a hint for narrower jets in the z >~ 6 bursts, potentially indicating a larger true event rate at these redshifts. Overall, our results indicate that long GRBs share a common progenitor population at least to z ~ 8.

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