Virgili 2013 超长暴GRR 091024a的观测

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Title:		GRB 091024A and the Nature of Ultra-long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors:		Virgili, F. J.; Mundell, C. G.; Pal'shin, V.; Guidorzi, C.; Margutti, R.; Melandri, A.; Harrison, R.; Kobayashi, S.; Chornock, R.; Henden, A.; Updike, A. C.; Cenko, S. B.; Tanvir, N. R.; Steele, I. A.; Cucchiara, A.; Gomboc, A.; Levan, A.; Cano, Z.; Mottram, C. J.; Clay, N. R.; Bersier, D.; Kopač, D.; Japelj, J.; Filippenko, A. V.; Li, W.; Svinkin, D.; Golenetskii, S.; Hartmann, D. H.; Milne, P. A.; Williams, G.; O'Brien, P. T.; Fox, D. B.; Berger, E.
Affiliation:		AA(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK F.J.Virgili@ljmu.ac.uk), AB(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK), AC(Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia), AD(Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy), AE(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AF(INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy), AG(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK), AH(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK), AI(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AJ(AAVSO, 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AK(Department of Chemistry and Physics, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI 02809, USA), AL(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA), AM(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK), AN(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK), AO(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), AP(Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia), AQ(Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK), AR(Centre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland), AS(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK), AT(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK), AU(Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK), AV(Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia), AW(Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia), AX(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA), AY(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA; Deceased 2011 December 11.), AZ(Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia), BA(Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia), BB(Department of Physics and Astronomy, 118 Kinard Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631-0978, USA), BC(MMT Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA), BD(MMT Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA), BE(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK), BF(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA), BG(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA)
Publication:		The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 778, Issue 1, article id. 54, 18 pp. (2013). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:		11/2013
Origin:		IOP
Astronomy Keywords:		gamma-ray burst: general, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 091024A
DOI:		10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/54
Bibliographic Code:		2013ApJ...778...54V

Abstract

We present a broadband study of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 091024A within the context of other ultra-long-duration GRBs. An unusually long burst detected by Konus-Wind (KW), Swift, and Fermi, GRB 091024A has prompt emission episodes covering ~1300 s, accompanied by bright and highly structured optical emission captured by various rapid-response facilities, including the 2 m autonomous robotic Faulkes North and Liverpool Telescopes, KAIT, S-LOTIS, and the Sonoita Research Observatory. We also observed the burst with 8 and 10 m class telescopes and determine the redshift to be z = 1.0924 ± 0.0004. We find no correlation between the optical and γ-ray peaks and interpret the optical light curve as being of external origin, caused by the reverse and forward shock of a highly magnetized jet (R_B ≈ 100-200). Low-level emission is detected throughout the near-background quiescent period between the first two emission episodes of the KW data, suggesting continued central-engine activity; we discuss the implications of this ongoing emission and its impact on the afterglow evolution and predictions. We summarize the varied sample of historical GRBs with exceptionally long durations in gamma-rays (gsim1000 s) and discuss the likelihood of these events being from a separate population; we suggest ultra-long GRBs represent the tail of the duration distribution of the long GRB population.

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