Wang, F. Y. 2013 伽马暴X-ray耀发的自组织现象

主要内容:
X射线耀发的等待时间（间隔时间）和光度之间的关系和自组织现象的表现一致。

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Title:		Self-organized criticality in X-ray flares of gamma-ray-burst afterglows
Authors:		Wang, F. Y.; Dai, Z. G.
Affiliation:		AA(School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210093, China), AB(School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210093, China)
Publication:		Nature Physics, Volume 9, Issue 8, pp. 465-467 (2013).
Publication Date:		08/2013
Origin:		NATURE
Abstract Copyright:		(c) 2013: Nature Publishing Group
DOI:		10.1038/nphys2670
Bibliographic Code:		2013NatPh...9..465W

Abstract

X-ray flares detected in nearly half of gamma-ray-burst (GRB) afterglows are one of the most intriguing phenomena in high-energy astrophysics. All of the observations indicate that the central engines of bursts, after the gamma-ray emission has ended, still have long periods of activity, during which energetic explosions eject relativistic materials, leading to late-time X-ray emission. It is thus expected that X-ray flares provide important clues as to the nature of the central engines of GRBs, and more importantly, unveil the physical mechanism of the flares themselves, which has so far remained mysterious. Here we report statistical results of X-ray flares of GRBs with known redshifts, and show that X-ray flares and solar flares share three statistical properties: power-law frequency distributions for energies, durations and waiting times. All of the distributions can be well understood within the physical framework of a self-organized criticality (SOC) system. The statistical properties of X-ray flares of GRBs are similar to solar flares, and thus both can be attributed to a SOC process. Both types of flares may be driven by a magnetic reconnection process, but X-ray flares of GRBs are produced in ultra-strongly magnetized millisecond pulsars or long-term hyperaccreting disks around stellar-mass black holes.

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